what is the difference between mechnical soliditary and organic solidarity in creation of social cohesion?

Answer 1

Durkheim, of course! :)

He used the term "mechnical solidarity" to describe the nature of the social bonds/cohesion in pre-industrial societies. These bonds were the result of "mechanisms"--kinship ties, birth into a given community, the nature of the work (largely agricultural and often inherited roles) and so on.

Organic solidarity, on the other hand, describes the conditional nature of relationships in a modern society. "Conditional" in the sense that they aren't predetermined--or even necessarily permanant. More to the point, however, Durkheim was focusing on the interdependant nature of roles (especially labor) in industrialized society, where the whole system depends on a multitude of specialized workers whose works contributes to the (more or less) smoothfunctioning of soiciety--much like the specialized cells contribute to teh function of an organism.

Answer 2

I was going to answer this question, but crabby_blindguy did a fantastic job!