The fact that land is common land does not mean it has no owner—all land in England and Wales is owned by someone. Those who have a right to exercise a right of common are known as commoners. Historically most rights of common were "appurtenant" to particular plots of land. So the commoner would be the person who, for the time being, was the owner of the land. Some rights of common were said to be "in gross" in that they were unconnected with ownership or tenure of land. This was more usual in regions where commons were more extensive, such as in Northern England or in the Fens but also included many village greens across England and Wales.
Example rights of common are:
common pasture (right to pasture cattle, horses, sheep or other animals on the common land)
common piscary (the right to fish)
common turbary (the right to take sods of turf)
estovers (the right to take sufficient wood for the commoner's house or agriculture)
Rights of common grazing might also be held over privately owned arable strips in some open field manors; this right was exercised either after the harvest or during a fallow year. Rights of grazing in the open fields was most valuable in manors with relatively little other grazing.
It is often thought that a common is somehow owned by everyone, or at least by the community in some sense. While that may have been true more than a thousand years ago, when waste would be used for grazing by the local community and over which there would not be, nor would there need to be, any particular limit or control of usage; since at least late Anglo-Saxon times, the right to exercise a right of common has been restricted to a commoner. Since the right of common would have some natural limitations itself, commons never suffered from the tragedy of the commons.
The legal position concerning common land is confused. Most commons are based on ancient rights which predate the established law and even the Monarchy. The exact rights which apply to individual commons may be documented but more often are based on long held traditions. The UK government tried to regularise the definitions of common land with the Commons Registration Act 1965, which established a register of common land. However numerous inconsistencies and irregularities remain.
Prior to the Erection of Cottages Act 1588, an Englishman could build his house on common land, if he could raise the roof over his head and have a fire at the hearth between sunrise and sunset, and claim the dwelling as his home.
The act of transferring resources from the commons to individual ownership is known as enclosure or inclosure.
2007-02-01 03:57:40
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answer #1
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answered by BARROWMAN 6
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2016-11-28 02:46:35
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answer #2
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answered by bernabeu 4
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