2007-01-27 23:30:02 · 6 answers · asked by amazing_sweet_angel 1 in Science & Mathematics ➔ Chemistry
Soap-making is the saponification of fat.
A fat is (usually) a triester of glycerine with one or more fatty acids (FA): stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc....difficult to type here, but envision below with the C's attached:
CH2OFA
!
CHOFA'
!
CH2OFA"
This triester is hydrolyzed via a strong base (eg NaOH) into glycerine and the sodium salts of the FA's, NaFA being the soap...let's show this for a single linkage (to avoid extra effort on my part) of stearic acid attached to part of the glycerine moiety:
-CH2OOC(CH2)16CH3 + NaOH (+ H2O) ---> -CH2OH + NaOOC(CH2)16CH3 (+ H2O)
The reaction is usually carried out in a water emulsion commercially, leading to soap dissolved in glycerine soln...in equilibrium with its ions...
NaFA <---> Na+ + FA-
The soap can be precipitated out by addn of NaCl.
The addn of much Na+ drives the eq to the left by the 'common ion effect'...and increases the soln polarity, thereby decreasing the solubility of the non-polar hydrocarbon chain of the FA.
Hope you find this brief explanation understandable.
2007-01-28 00:54:42 · answer #1 · answered by L. A. L. 6 · 3⤊ 0⤋
NaOH + CH3(CH2)16COOH = H2O + CH3(CH2)16COO-Na+
in words
Sodium Hydroxide + Stearic Acid = Water + Sodium Stearate.
NB Sodium Stearate is SOAP - A crude basic soap. modern soaps have oils and perfume added.
2007-01-30 08:34:32 · answer #2 · answered by lenpol7 7 · 0⤊ 0⤋
I really like both fruits and fresh vegetables better, regardless how they look and taste. You desire a little of both.
2017-03-11 22:06:11 · answer #3 · answered by ? 3 · 0⤊ 0⤋
In the event that it's a fruit it includes seeds, otherwise it's a vegetable. And vegetables are usually grown in the ground while fruits are grown in trees.
2017-02-18 17:17:24 · answer #4 · answered by ? 4 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Animal fat or vegetable oil + alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) = Soap (sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acid) + glycerine
2007-01-28 06:45:56 · answer #5 · answered by lykovetos 5 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Saponification - type it into a search engine ?
2007-01-28 01:38:07 · answer #6 · answered by captainbiodiesel 1 · 0⤊ 2⤋