what is the role of MEXT in JAPAN?

Question

what are the purposes and duties and obligations of MEXT in JAPAN?

Answer 1

They have a decent website. The link below is the closest I could come to purposes, duties and obligations. Duties and obligations sound technical or legal.
I hope the link helps.

Answer 2

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省, Monbu-kagakushō?), also known as MEXT, is one of the ministries of the Japanese government.

The Meiji government created the first Ministry of Education in 1871. [1]

Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (文部省, Monbushō?) was one of the most powerful and influential ministries in the government. Japanese government centralizes education and it is managed by a state bureaucracy that regulates almost every aspect of the educational process. For example, schools around the country are required to use only government-approved textbooks. Teachers must be Japanese nationals, and are screened to ensure that Japanese children are all getting a proper education.

In January 2001, the former Monbusho and the former Science and Technology Agency (科学技術庁, Kagaku-Gijutsuchō?) merged into the present MEXT.

MEXT is led by a minister, who is a member of the Cabinet and is chosen by the Prime Minister, typically from the members of the Diet. On September 26 2006, Prime Minister Abe Shinzo selected Bunmei Ibuki for this position.

MEXT is one of three ministries which runs the JET Programme.


[edit] Romanization
The ministry sets standards for romanization. Until the 1990s and 2000s, Kunrei-shiki romanization was widely taught in Japanese primary schools, so it was called the Monbushō system after the predecessor of MEXT.