What 2 calenders preceded the Gregorian currently in use?

Answer 1

Immediately prior to the Gregorian calendar was the Julian calendar. The Julian calendar was instituted to replace the Roman Calendar. The Roman Calendar had 355 days with a so-called intercalary month added. This intercalary month was formed by inserting 22 days after the first 23 or 24 days of February, the last five days of February becoming the last five days of "Intercalaris." The net effect was to add 22 or 23 days to the year, forming an intercalary year of 377 or 378 days.

HTH

Charles

Answer 2

If you mean the two that were changed to become the Gregorian calendar, the they were the Julian and the Roman.

The Julian calendar was changed to the Gregorian in the year 1582 (1752 in the English world).

The Roman calendar was changed to the Julian in the year 46 BCE. Actually, there were several calendars called "Roman". There was one before 713 BCE, then another one until 191 BCE. The first day of the year was changed to January 1 in 153 BCE.
(it had been March 15). From about 100 BCE to 46 BCE, the calendar was changed every few years -- it was very confusing for everybody!

Answer 3

The "Augustine", made official by Augustus Caesar and the "Julian", made official by Julius Caesar.

Those who don't wish to include the Augustine calendar might go with the "Etruscan", used in Italy immediately before the Julian, but this one was never adopted worldwide.

Julius Caesar adopted our current calendar for the first time--365-day years, 12 months as named, and a leap year every 4 years. (August was called "sextilis".)

The officials in Rome misinterpreted Julius Caesar's orders and added a leap year every 3 years by counting the first and last together (by essentially counting 0,1,2,3 as 4 years). Augustus Caesar corrected the error by adding the missing days back in and reissuing the order to have a leap year every 4th year rather than every 4 years (forcing them to count 1,2,3,4). He then named the month of Sextilis after himself (August).

It took about 1500 years for the calendar to slow as compared to actual astral events. By the 1580's, the annual cycle fell 13 days behind actual astral years and was causing holidays to fall into chaos. Pope Gregory VIII shortened October for one year to allow the calendar to get back on track, and he changed the way leap year was counted. From that time on, century years not divisible by 400 would have no leap year (1700, 1800, and 1900 had no leap years, and neither will 2100, 2200 or 2300).

(The answer immediately below mine uses Wikipedia as a source and gives incorrect information. This is why I tell people not to use Wikipedia. Their standards aren't very high. They'll accept entries from almost anyone and they'll edit for screen format but not for content. For example, the answer below says that the first day of the year was changed to Jan 1 at an early date. This is not true. March 1 was used for a long time, as can be seen in the names of the months: Quintilis (July) was the 5th month, Sextilis the 6th, September the 7th, October the 8th, November the 9th and December the 10th. Each of the months has a Latin prefix for the month's number.)

Answer 4

Actually, LOTS of calendars. You may be thinking of the Old Roman Calendar and the Julian Calendar (Julius Caesar) but there's also the Chinese, Islamic, Jewish, Mayan and many others. Some are still in use.

Answer 5

Julian and Numa Pompilius before that