what are the basic sedimentological properties that make the rock aquiferous?

Answer 1

There are two properties really. One is called porosity, which is the percentage of pore spaces in the rock. This is important because it determines how much water will be retained by the rock.
The other property is permeability, which is the interconnectivity of these pore spaces. This determines how much water will be released on pumping by the rock.
An aqiufer is basically a geological formation that can hold and release water with ease. So the higher the porosity and permeability of the formation, the better is the aquifer. It is not sedimentary rock alone, but highly fractured metamorphic or igneous rocks can also be good aquifers. A granite/granite gneiss aquifer is quite common.

Answer 2

really any sedimentary rock will be aquiferous. the rock has to have porous qualities to be aquiferous- no metamorphic stone is porous and some igneous rocks are, most are not. the larger the particulates that have been fused together the less filtered the groundwater will be, but any stone with porous qualities will almost act as a sponge and be aquiferous.