why has it been impossible to grow some types of microorganisms on a defined media?

Answer 1

I'm not sure I totally understand your question, but I'll give it a go:

Some microorganisms are very fastidious. They have specific requirements for nutrients that they must get from their surroundings. If you try to grow them in media that is defficient in that nutrient, they cannot survive.

Some media is designed to kill all but a select type of micro-org. For example, media with ampicillin added to select only bacteria with the resistance gene. This way you can kill off any bacteria that do not have your gene of interest inside.