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V SHAPED VALLEYS: Any spare energy possessed by a river near to its source will be used to transport large boulders along tis bed. This results in the river cutting rapidly downwards, a process called vertical erosion, which leads to the development of steep-sided, narrow valleys shaped like a V. The valley sides are steep due to soil and loose rock being washed downhill following periods of heavy rainfall. MEANDERS AND OX-BOW LAKES: As a river approaches its mouth, it usually flows over flatter land and develops increasingly large bends known as meanders. When a river reaches a meander most water is directed towards to outside of the bed. this reduces friction and increases the velocity of the river at this points. The river therefore has more energy to transport material in suspension, eroding the outside bank by corrasion. The bank will be undercut, collapse and retreat to leave a small river cliff. Meanwhile, as there;s less water on the inside of the bed, there's also an increase in friction and a decrease in velocity. As the river loses energy it begins to deposit some of tis load. The deposited material builds up to form a gently sloping slip-off slope. Continual erosion on the outside bends results in the neck of the meander getting narrower until the river cuts through the neck. The original meander will be blocked off to leave an ox-bow lake. EROSIONS: Attrition-boulders and other material transported along the river bed collide and break into smaller pieces Hydraulic action: the sheer force of the river dislodges particles from the river's bank and bed Corrasion - smaller material carried in suspension rubs against the banks of the river. Corrosion - when acides in the river dissolve rocks. WATER FALLS: Waterfalls form when there is a sudden interruption in the course of a river. They may result from erosion by ice, changes in sea level, and earth movements. However, may waterfalls form when rivers meet a band of softer, less resistant rock. The underlying softer rock is worn away faster and the hard rock is undercut and will collapse. INTERLOCKING-SPURS: The river is forced to wind its way around protruding hillsides which are known as interlocking spurs FLOOD PLAINS: The river widens its valley by lateral erosion. At time of high discharge, the river has considerable amounts of energy which it uses to transport large amounts of material in suspension. When a river overflows its banks it will spread out on any surrounding flat area and silt will be deposited. Each time the river floods another layer of silt is added and a flat floodplain is formed. I don't know about named examples, google them. I'm in the middle of GCSE revision too xD Good luck
2016-04-06 21:47:22
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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