What is the difference between exons and introns and coding vs. noncoding DNA?

Question

katie B help me out. Or anyone else who knows exactly what they are doing. thanks.

Answer 1

exons - DNA sequence that codes for either an RNA or a protein.
introns - bits of 'noncoding' sequence that are within exons. Introns are transcribed, but then spiced out before the final mRNA is released.

coding: any DNA sequence that is transcribed into a protein or functional RNA.
non-coding: stretches of DNA that appear to have no function. this does not mean it's junk sequence, it just means that we don't know of the function.

Answer 2

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All process that involves the central dogma is 5' to 3' Let us presume that your sequence is 5'-AGACTCGCTTAGGGA-3' which is the conventional way to writing these the replicated DNA is 5'-TCCCTAAGCGAGTCT-3' so you write the complementary sequence "backwards" from the given sequence. In reality it looks like this on a DNA duplex (strands are antiparallel): 5'-AGACTCGCTTAGGGA-3' 3'-TCTGAGCGAATCCCT-5' the mRNA will be the same except that T's are replaced by U's 5'-UCCCUAAGCGAGUCU-3' Introns are removes, Exons are EXpressed. If introns consisted of 6 bases and exons consisted of 9 bases, then you just ignore the introns. You have 9 bases which are exons. 9/3 = 3 amino acids. I divided by 3 because each base triplet codes for 1 Aminoacid.

Answer 3

An exon is any region of DNA within a gene that is transcribed to the final messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, rather than being spliced out from the transcribed RNA molecule.
In many genes, each exon contains part of the open reading frame (ORF) that codes for a specific portion of the complete protein. However, the term exon is often misused to refer only to coding sequences for the final protein. This is incorrect, since many noncoding exons are known in human genes (Zhang 1998).
Exons can include both sequences that code for amino acids and untranslated sequences . Stretches of unused sequence called introns are removed, and the exons are joined together to form the final functional mRNA
Some of the exons will be wholly or part of the 5' untranslated region or the 3' untranslated region of each transcript. The untranslated regions are important for efficient translation of the transcript and for controlling the rate of translation and half life of the transcript. Furthermore, transcripts made from the same gene may not have the same exon structure since parts of the mRNA could be removed by the process of alternative splicing. Some mRNA transcripts have exons with no ORF's and thus are sometimes referred to as non-coding RNA.

Introns are sections of DNA colinear to the RNA sequence that will be spliced out after transcription, but before the RNA is used. Introns are common in eukaryotic RNAs of all types, but are found in prokaryotic tRNA and rRNA genes only. The regions of a gene that remain in spliced mRNA are called exons. The number and length of introns varies widely among species and among genes within the same species.
Introns sometimes allow for alternative splicing of a gene, so that several different proteins that share some sections in common can be produced from a single gene. The control of mRNA splicing, and hence of which alternative is produced, is performed by a wide variety of signal molecules. Introns also sometimes contain "old code," sections of a gene that were probably once translated into protein but which are now discarded.

Non-coding DNA describes DNA which does not contain instructions for making proteins (or other cell products such as noncoding RNAs). In eukaryotes, a large percentage of many organisms' total genome sizes is comprised of noncoding DNA. Some noncoding DNA is involved in regulating the activity of coding regions. However, much of this DNA has no known function and is sometimes referred to as "junk DNA".
whereas the coding DNA is the one that transcripts mRNA and translates proyeins

Answer 4

RE:
What is the difference between exons and introns and coding vs. noncoding DNA?
katie B help me out. Or anyone else who knows exactly what they are doing. thanks.