wht is liquid crystal?

Answer 1

Liquid crystals are substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid, and those of a solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal (LC) may flow like a liquid, but have the molecules in the liquid arranged and/or oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC phases, which can be distinguished based on their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have a distinct texture. Each 'patch' in the texture corresponds to a domain where the LC molecules are oriented in a different direction. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. Liquid crystal materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water is not always in the liquid phase: it may also be found in the solid or gas phase). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic and lyotropic LCs. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed, whereas lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of concentration of the mesogen in a solvent (typically water) as well as temperature..

Answer 2

What is liquid crystal? There are three common states of matter that most people know about: solid, liquid, and gas. Liquid crystal is a fourth ``state'' that certain kinds of matter can enter into under the right conditions. The molecules in solids exhibit both positional and orientational order---in other words, the molecules are constrained to point only certain directions and to be only in certain positions with respect to each other. In liquids, the molecules do not have any positional or orientational order---the direction the molecules point and their positions are random.

Answer 3

Liquid crystals are an interdisciplinary research area. Chemists are creating new materials and they are using the supramolecular system for synthesis, analysis and purifications of other materials. A special focus nowadays is the template synthesis of nanoscience materials, i.e. MCM-41. Biologist are studing the cell membrane as a liquid crystal with respect to intercellular transport (Endocytose, Exocytose, drug delivery) and communications. Physicist are measuring the unique properties of liquid crystals, e.g. ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, reentrante phases, frustrated phases, phase transitions, NLO effects, etc. and they are developing new ways of electrooptics. Engineers are creating electrooptical displays (LCD, STN, TFT), optical information storage, switchable gearboxes, surfactants and lubricants etc. Information specialists are creating object oriented knowledge tools on them and artists are using the color effects of liquid crystals for special effects.

Liquid Crystals are often thought of as 'exotics', but they are omnipresent in research and daily life. A huge number of wellknown compounds are liquid crystals, i.e. lecithin, DNA, cellulose, cholesterol esters, gangliosids, paraffins, graphite

Answer 4

The liquid crystal is the diamond

Answer 5

Mercury

Answer 6

para.