What are the lumps of minerals found on the ocean floor that contain iron, manganese or nickel called?

Answer 1

Nodules

There has been a lot of research over the years on how to "mine" these nodules commercially. The problem is that it's very costly to retrieve them from the seafloor. If you have a good idea of how to do it, you could make a mint!

Answer 2

These nodules can also be found on land where the earth has been thrust up above water, or the seas have receded. In Utah, they are known as Moki (Mokia?) Marbles, and in some places are lying everywhere. They are the result of a catalyst in the water attracting minerals. As the sediments slowly drop out of water in the ocean to the seafloor, they become more concentrated in the water at lower depths. Another object, such as the sharks tooth, or a fish scale, will collect these minerals from the concentrated water and finally drop to the floor.

Answer 3

Known as manganese nodules- right now there is a lot of concern about ownership of the ocean floor because of the wealth to be had from mining nodules. Interesting aside? The core of a nodule is often a shark's tooth,small shell or other critter remnant which gives a clue to their accretionary history. Also, Howard Hughes' company was at one time "actively involved" in exploring mining possibilities with a specially built vessel named the Glomar Explorer, which was actually a cover up for recovering a Russian sub:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Jennifer
Check out this site for more info on the nodules:
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Oceanography/OceanSediments/Manganesenodules/Manganesenodules.htm

Answer 4

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