what is internet exchange and internet gateway?

Question

how does Internet gateway work?
how does internet exchange work?

Answer 1

An Internet exchange (IXC) is usually a physical location where a number of ISPs co-locate some equipment and interconnect them. Think of it as the main railway switching yard that ties the local commuter trains into the long-haul system. They work via a plethora of fiber and a big dose of BGP.

An Internet gateway used to mean a router, but these days it could mean pretty much anything, depending on which companies marketing department is trying to abscond with the term.