There are three types of lava and lava flows: pillow, pahoehoe, and aa. Pillow lavas are volumetrically the most abundant type because they are erupted at mid-ocean ridges and because they make up the submarine portion of seamounts and large intraplate volcanoes, like the Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain. Pahoehoe is the second most abundant type of lava flow. Eruptions under water or ice produce pillow lava. They described pillow lavas as elongate, interconnected flow lobes that are elliptical or circular in cross-section (Moore, 1975).
Pahoehoe lava is characterized by a smooth, billowy, or ropy surface. A ropy surface develops when a thin skin of cooler lava at the surface of the flow is pushed into folds by the faster moving, fluid lava just below the surface.
Pahoehoe flows can evolve into lava tubes. One way that tubes form is by the crusting over of channelized lava flows. As the crust on a flow becomes thicker, it insulates the lava in the interior of the flow. The lava drains down slope and feeds the advancing front or flows into the ocean. When the eruption stops or the vent is abandoned, the lava drains from the tube. Thurston lava tube is an excellent example of a lava tube. The rock surrounding a lava tube serves as a insulator to keep the lava hot and fluid. Because the lava remains hot, it can travel great distances from the vent.
Aa is characterized by a rough, jagged, spinose, and generally clinkery surface. Aa flows advance much like the tread of a bulldozer.The interior of the flow is molten and several feet thick. The molten core grades upwards and downwards into rough clinkers. As the flow advances, clinker on the surface is carried forward relative to the molten interior. The clinkers continue to move forward until they roll down the steep front. The clinkers are then overridden by the molten core. Aa lava flows tend to be relatively thick compared to pahoehoe flows.
2007-01-21 08:14:01
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answer #1
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answered by gauchogirl 5
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Which elite 4? There are currently 4 different ones(not including gen 5 in Japan). As for Dark types, they're weak to Fighting and Bug type moves and strong against dark and ghost type, Psychic has no effect. Everything else has normal effectiveness. It's usually easier to attack a dark type if it has a secondary type you can exploit.
2016-05-24 07:49:30
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answer #2
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answered by ? 4
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3 types...felsic, intermediate and mafic.
2007-01-21 08:16:42
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answer #3
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answered by drysac 4
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