Codeine- Physical and Chemical Properties?

Question

What are some chemical and physical properties of codeine?

Answer 1

What is codeine?

• Codeine is in a class of drugs called narcotic analgesics. It relieves pain.
• Codeine is used to treat moderate-to-severe pain. Codeine is also a cough suppressant and an antidiarrheal medication.
• Codeine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about codeine?

• Do not stop taking codeine suddenly if you have been taking it continuously for more than 5 to 7 days. Stopping suddenly could cause withdrawal symptoms and make you very uncomfortable. Your doctor may want to gradually reduce your dose.
• Codeine will cause drowsiness and fatigue. Avoid alcohol, sleeping pills, antihistamines, sedatives, and tranquilizers except under the supervision of your doctor. These may also make you drowsy.
• Codeine will also cause constipation. Drink plenty of water (six to eight full glasses a day) to lessen this side effect. Increasing the amount of fiber in your diet can also help to alleviate constipation.
• Never take more codeine than is prescribed for you. If your pain is not being adequately treated, talk to your doctor.

Codeine (INN) or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. Codeine hydrochloride is more commonly marketed in continental Europe and other regions.

Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 percent. While codeine can be extracted from opium, most codeine is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation.

Pharmacokinetics
Codeine is considered a prodrug, since it is metabolised in vivo to the principal active analgesic agent morphine. It is, however, less potent than morphine since only about 10% of the codeine is converted. It also has a correspondingly lower dependence-liability than morphine.

Theoretically, a dose of approximately 200 mg (oral) of codeine must be administered to give equivalent analgesia to 30 mg (oral) of morphine (Rossi, 2004). It is not used, however, in single doses of greater than 60mg (and no more than 240 mg in 24 hours) since there is a ceiling effect.

The conversion of codeine to morphine occurs in the liver and is catalysed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6. Approximately 6–10% of the Caucasian population have poorly functional CYP2D6 and codeine is virtually ineffective for analgesia in these patients (Rossi, 2004). Many of the adverse effects, however, are still experienced. Also, some medications are CYP2D6 inhibitors and reduce or even completely eliminate the efficacy of codeine. The most well-known of these are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa).

Codeine is an alkaloid, obtained from opium or prepared from morphine by methylation. Codeine phosphate occurs as fine, white, needle-shaped crystals, or white, crystalline powder. It is affected by light. Its chemical name is: 7,8-didehydro-4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17- methylmorphinan-6a-ol phosphate (1:1) (salt) hemihydrate. It has the following molecular formula: C18H21NO3·H3PO4·½H2O with a molecular weight of 406.37.

See the chemical formula in:
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Answer 2

Codeine Chemical Structure

Answer 3

It's organic, man.

I guess it's white crystals, or maybe it's black tar...no, that's something else. I'll go with the white crystals. Uhhhh...it's made in a lab from opium products. There are also synthetic versions that aren't derived from opium poppies.

I don't know the chemical properties...maybe if I had a patient info thing from the last time I had teeth pulled. They gave me some codeine back then. Check a medical site--should tell you more details.

Answer 4

Codeine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Seek emergency medical attention if a child taking this medicine has any of the following life-threatening side effects: noisy breathing, sighing, slow breathing with long pauses between breaths; being unusually sleepy or hard to wake up; blue colored lips.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
- slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, shallow breathing;
- feeling like you might pass out;
- confusion, agitation, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior;
- feelings of extreme happiness or sadness;
- seizure (convulsions); or
- problems with urination.
Common side effects include:
- feeling dizzy or drowsy;
- nausea, vomiting, stomach pain;
- constipation;
- sweating; or
- mild itching or rash.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: Side effects (in more detail)


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Answer 5

1. physical 2. physical 3. chemical 4. physical 5. chemical 6. physical 7. chemical 8. physical 9. physical

Answer 6

1

Answer 7

Don't just have there! Do squats while cleaning your teeth, calf raises although standing in line, or lunges while chatting for the phone.

Answer 8

Don't just stand there! Do squats while combing your teeth, calf raises while standing in line, or lunges while chatting for the phone.

Answer 9

Choose faster-paced brands of yoga such as Ashtanga or perhaps Vinyasa to burn more calories while also getting a good stretch.

Answer 10

Don't just stand there! Do squats while combing your teeth, calf raises although standing in line, or lunges while chatting on the phone.