which one is responsible for bandwidth?

Question

out of ip, gateway and dns which one plays a great role for bandwidth and how

Answer 1

Bandwidth is a measure of frequency range and is typically measured in hertz. Bandwidth is a central concept in many fields, including information theory, radio communications, signal processing, and spectroscopy. Bandwidth is related to channel capacity for information transmission and often the two can be confused. In particular, in common usage "bandwidth" also refers to data (information) transmission rates when communicating over certain media or devices.

In website hosting, the term "bandwidth" is often incorrectly used to describe the amount of data that can be transferred to or from the website or server, measured in bytes transfered over a prescribed period of time. A web hosting company using the correct term "Monthly Data Transfer" is often a good sign to watch out for when shopping for hosting.
Web hosting companies often quote a monthly bandwidth limit for a website, for example 100 gigabytes per month. If visitors to the website download a total greater than 100 gigabytes in one month, the bandwidth limit will have been exceeded.

A bandwidth cap, also known as a download cap or bit cap, limits the transfer of a specified amount of data over a period of time.

One type of bandwidth cap, administered by an Internet service provider (ISP), simply limits the bandwidth or speed of data transfer on a broadband Internet connection. Bandwidth capping is essential, to prevent individual users from consuming the entire bandwidth of the cable, a shared resource.

Another type of capping refers to the reported phenomenon of an ISP reducing an individual user's bandwidth cap, without notifying that user, as a defensive measure and/or as a punishment for the user consuming a lot of bandwidth, especially upstream bandwidth. Running "servers" tends to consume a lot of upstream bandwidth and violates most service agreements. (Cable and other broadband services tend to be asymmetrical, making upstream bandwidth more precious than downstream bandwidth.) Somehow the ISP detects that the user is an offender -- perhaps by analyzing traffic to detect the activity of a server, or perhaps by comparing the user's long-term data rate against an unpublished limit. If a user gets tagged as an offender, then the ISP imposes a lower bandwidth cap upon that user, and/or restricts other services.

The domain name system (DNS) stores and associates many types of information with domain names, but most importantly, it translates domain names (computer hostnames) to IP addresses. It also lists mail exchange servers accepting e-mail for each domain. In providing a worldwide keyword-based redirection service, DNS is an essential component of contemporary Internet use.
Useful for several reasons, the DNS pre-eminently makes it possible to attach easy-to-remember domain names (such as "wikipedia.org") to hard-to-remember IP addresses (such as 66.230.200.100). People take advantage of this when they recite URLs and e-mail addresses. In a subsidiary function, the domain name system makes it possible for people to assign authoritative names without needing to communicate with a central registrar each time.

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique address that devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol standard (IP)—in simpler terms, a computer address. Any participating network device—including routers, computers, time-servers, printers, Internet fax machines, and some telephones—can have their own unique address. Also, many people can find personal information through IP addresses.
An ..IP address can also be thought of as the equivalent of a street address or a phone number (compare: VoIP (voice over (the) internet protocol)) for a computer or other network device on the Internet. Just as each street address and phone number uniquely identifies a building or telephone, an IP address can uniquely identify a specific computer or other network device on a network.
An IP address can appear to be shared by multiple client devices either because they are part of a shared hosting web server environment or because a proxy server (e.g., an ISP or anonymizer service) acts as an intermediary agent on behalf of its customers, in which case the real originating IP addresses might be hidden from the server receiving a request. The analogy to telephone systems would be the use of predial numbers (proxy) and extensions (shared).
IP addresses are managed and created by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. IANA generally allocates super-blocks to Regional Internet Registries, who in turn allocate smaller blocks to Internet service providers and enterprises.
IP header size is 20 bytes.

Gateway, in networking technology, is a node that serves as an entrance to another network, and vice-versa. This is, in fact, an earlier name for Routers and both actually focus on the same concept - that is, hardware or software that routes (and filters) data coming through it. This retronym, however, now describes the same hardware or software technology that are mostly implemented in corporate enterprises that not only does routing and filtering of data, but also can include added routing, proxy functionality, as well as being advanced as to have Antivirus software scanning and filtering capabilities.

Answer 2

Go to the public library and get a book that will do a better job of explaining technical questions like bandwidth then anybody over the Internet. Personally, I like both The Complete Idiot's Guides and The Dummies Guides.