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With great difficulty. The great powers of Europe--monarchies--declared war on France. A 19-year-old officer named Napoleon Bonaparte took the side of the revolution, was promoted general, and took the war to the English and Austrians. After Napoleon had conquered almost all Europe and was defeated and exiled in 1815, the European powers restored the kings of France: Louis XVIII and Charles X. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 arranged that monarchical government was to be maintained in Europe. There were periodic revolts in Europe in 1830 and 1848. But a democratic republic was only established in France in 1871. England, slowly, towards the late 19th century. Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Russia in 1918. Of course, democracy in Russia was aborted, and we are still waiting for it to happen.

2007-01-19 13:09:37 · answer #1 · answered by steve_geo1 7 · 1 0

The Bourgeoisie originated in the eleventh century, each and each revolution for the reason that has re-defined the Bourgeoisie. the economic Revolution.of the sixteenth century, The French Revolution of the 18th century & the commercial Revolution, nineteenth century, which created the present day bourgeois

2016-11-25 21:21:36 · answer #2 · answered by ? 4 · 0 0

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