Well, James Fennimore Cooper's book _The Last of the Mohicans_ popularized the notion that they were extinct. It's always a good idea to avoid calling somebody extinct. I put up posters all over campus advertising my lecture on an extinct culture, only to find out there was a student at the university who claimed that heritage!
Now, there are probably plenty of people walking around the US whose ancestors may have been called Mohican at one time. They may look white--or black--to everybody who knows them. There might be some story about some great-great-grandmother who was full-blooded Indian in their family tree, but maybe not.
Maybe their family lived at a time when Indians did not have many rights. They could not vote and were sometimes taken from their families and sent to schools far away from home against their own wishes and those of their parents. Sometimes people are ashamed of their background, and they don't even tell their children.
Who is a Mohican? How do you determine who belongs to an ethnic group? What is an ethnic group anyway? Is it a group that shares DNA or "blood"? Is it the way you were raised, if you were born in a foreign place, but adopted into the group? Is it a matter of choice? Is it a community living together? Is it a political organization, such as a tribe? Is it a skin color? Is it a religion? Is it the fact that you speak a certain language, live in a certain town, or wear a particular kind of outfit on special occasions?
There are probably different people who believe the answer to each question in the paragraph before is yes--about their particular ethnicity. I have heard people say things like, "If you don't speak Hakka you are not Hakka." "It's 'koko'--the blood--that makes us Hawaiian."
There are people who say your ethnicity is whatever you say your own ethnicity is, and those who question the ethnic identity particular individuals claim: "He is not Indian! No way!" A Shawnee-Delaware friend of mine (who is also of Jewish descent) told me the truest Indian he ever met, in terms of having it in his heart and living the culture, was a Cherokee with blond hair and blue eyes. In the end, your identity is often negotiated between what you believe about yourself, and what other people will accept about you.
However, as I understand it, in order to benefit from federal progams for American Indians, individuals must show that they are enrolled in a tribe or otherwise active in their cultural group. This requirement is not anything like what is required for other racial or ethnic groups in the US.
In the US, it used to be said that "one drop of ***** blood" made you Black. In more modern terms, this would mean that if you have one genetic marker in your DNA profile that connects you to modern Africans, you would be Black. About a third of Americans who identify themselves as white would be considered Black under this rule, since their DNA points to an ancestor of African descent in their family tree as recently as about 1880. Most of those probably have no idea.
Under these terms, an even greater percentage of Black folks in the US would also be found to have significant European ancestry. You could say that even Black and White isn't black and white!
The federal government says that there are five official races in the US, and two official ethnic groups. The two official ethnic groups are Hispanic and non-Hispanic. Federal definitions might not be terribly useful to us, but it is worth noting that 1,131 individuals in the 2000 US Census reported themselves as being Mohegan. This was a term mostly used for a group of several tribes that banded together a few hundred years ago. It is not clear to me exactly who is selecting this identity today.
2,372 counted themselves as belonging to the Stockbridge-Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin (where the Mohicans ended up after the Indian Removal of the early 1800s). The Mohicans in this group had originally been settled in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, then moved onto the reservation with the Munsee Indians, who spoke a similar language and probably had a similar ancestry and culture.
Much more than you asked for, but I studied these issues in graduate school. I continue to read about them years later because I find them fascinating.
2007-01-16 17:10:31
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answer #1
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answered by Beckee 7
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Usually, you discover men and women who ramble on approximately cast start certificates, false moon landings, and race-centered comspiracies dwelling underneath bridges and pushing all their possessions in a stolen grocery cart. This is newsworthy considering that the individual is a sheriff. "I'm simply doing my process," he says. His workplace didn't check countless numbers of stories of intercourse crimes towards youngsters in Maricopa County, however his will get to recognition on a president's start certificates in Hawai'i?
2016-09-07 21:22:41
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answer #2
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answered by ? 4
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