What is the process of blood glucose testing?

Question

I know that a needle needs to be inserted, etc., I need the chemistry aspect of it. What exactly is done to determine how much glucose there is and such? As much detail as possible please!!!

Answer 1

(1) Blood is deproteinised with Tunngstic acid-protein removed by centrifugation (2) An aliquot is heated with Alklaline copper sulphate in a Folin-Wu tube for 10minutes.Cupric ion is reduced to cuprous ion which is stabilised with tartarate(chealation).Cuprous ion reacts with Phospho molybdic acid -to blue molybdous(reduced) acid whose colour is compared with the colour developed using standard Glucose at 660 nanometers in a spectrophotometer,This is an old method.The current method is Glucose oxidase method-Auto analyser.

Answer 2

1

Answer 3

The blood glucose test is ordered to measure the amount of glucose in the blood right at the time of sample collection. It is used to detect both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and to help diagnose diabetes. Blood glucose may be measured on a fasting basis (collected after an 8 to 10 hour fast), randomly (anytime), post prandial (after a meal), and/or as part of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT / GTT). An OGTT is a series of blood glucose tests. A fasting glucose is collected; then the patient drinks a standard amount of a glucose solution to "challenge" their system. This is followed by one or more additional glucose tests performed at specific intervals to track glucose levels over time. The OGTT may be ordered to help diagnose diabetes and as a follow-up test to an elevated blood glucose.
Blood glucose testing is also done in emergency settings to determine if low or high glucose is contributing to symptoms such as fainting and unconsciousness. If a patient has pre-diabetes (characterized by fasting or OGTT levels that are higher than normal but lower than those defined as diabetic), the doctor will order a glucose test at regular intervals to monitor the patient’s status. With known diabetics, doctors will order glucose levels in conjunction with other tests such as hemoglobin A1c to monitor glucose control over a period of time. Occasionally, a blood glucose level may be ordered along with insulin and C-peptide to monitor insulin production.
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/test.html
This test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels. It may be used to diagnose or screen for diabetes and to monitor control in patients who have diabetes.

Most dietary carbohydrate eventually ends up as glucose in the blood. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage by the liver and skeletal muscles after meals. Glycogen is gradually broken down to glucose and released into the blood by the liver between meals. Excess glucose is converted to triglyceride for energy storage.

Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body. Some cells (for example, brain and red blood cells), are almost totally dependent on blood glucose as a source of energy. The brain, in fact, requires that glucose concentrations in the blood remain within a certain range in order to function normally. Concentrations of less than about 30 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or greater than about 300 mg/dL can produce confusion or unconsciousness.

The major hormone regulating glucose concentration in the body is insulin (although other hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol also affect it).

Glucose levels are measured most commonly to diagnose diabetes or to monitor adequacy of diabetic control. Diabetes is a very common disease, affecting about 2% of the general population, that results from insulin deficiency or insensitivity by the body to the level of insulin present. People with type 1 diabetes require daily injections of insulin to control their disease. Injection of too much or too little insulin can be dangerous because there is a limited range of blood sugar levels in which the brain can function normally.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003482.htm#How%20the%20test%20is%20performed