What was the Ottoman empire and what did it have to do with Palestine?

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire (see: names of the Empire) was a Turkish empire that existed from 1299 to 1922.

The empire steadily declined during the 19th century and met its demise after its defeat in World War I in the Middle Eastern theatre. In the aftermath of the war, the Ottoman government collapsed and the empire's lands were partitioned. The new countries created from the remnants of the empire at present number 40 (including the disputed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus).

Palestine

After the Ottoman conquest, the name "Palestine" disappeared as the official name of an administrative unit, as the Turks often called their (sub)provinces after the capital. Since its 1516 incorporation in the Ottoman Empire, it was part of the vilayet (province) of Damascus-Syria until 1660, next of the vilayet of Saida (seat in Lebanon), briefly interrupted by the 7 March 1799 - July 1799 French occupation of Jaffa, Haifa, and Caesarea. On 10 May 1832 it was one of the Turkish provinces annexed by Muhammad Ali's shortly imperialistic Egypt (nominally still Ottoman), but in November 1840 direct Ottoman rule was restored.

Still the old name remained in popular and semi-official use. Many examples of its usage in the 16th and 17th centuries have survived.[4] During the 19th century, the "Ottoman Government employed the term Arz-i Filistin (the 'Land of Palestine') in official correspondence, meaning for all intents and purposes the area to the west of the River Jordan which became 'Palestine' under the British in 1922". [5] Amongst the educated Arab public, Filastin was a common concept, referring either to the whole of Palestine or to the Jerusalem sanjaq alone[6] or just to the area around Ramle[7].

Ottoman rule over the region lasted until the Great War (World War I) when the Ottomans sided with Germany and the Central Powers. During World War I, the Ottomans were driven from much of the area by the United Kingdom during the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

Answer 2

The Ottoman empire was the Turkish Empire which ruled most of the Middle East and North Africa for about 500 years up to 1918.
Palestine was part of the empire

Answer 3

The Ottoman Empire was the empire of the Antolian Seljuk Turks. They ruled Palestine from 1512 to 1683.