The Canadian soldiers never received accolades for their service as Canadians. They were lumped in with all the British. History books rarely credit the Canadian bravery and heroism. This led in part to the extreme patriotism/jingoism of the next generation. The next generation provided the leaders of the secession movement and helped Quebec insist on keeping his French heritage and language. That is during the 70's, there was much unrest among Canadians who wanted to be a separate country. Quebec in particular wanted to be distinguished from Britain.
2007-01-14 03:29:28
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answer #1
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answered by hawkthree 6
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World War I was very influential in the shaping of Canada as a nation. Canada earned recognition, respect and admiration from the rest of the world through their successful and dedicated participation in WWI. Canadians successfully participated in a war that introduced the horrors of modern warfare to the world. Technology developed at a rapid pace during WWI because of the increasing demands of modern warfare.
Although many Canadian lives were lost during the war, Canada grew stronger as a nation, and moved closer to becoming an independent nation. A distinctive and lasting Canadian identity was forged on the battlefields of Europe during WWI. Canadian women also made tremendous strides during the war, some voting for the first time, several serving as nurses and volunteers at the front, and many others becoming well established in the Canadian labor force.
World War I brought many issues of racism to the forefront in Canada. The unjust internment of many "enemy aliens" or immigrants from "enemy" countries in Canada during WWI will be remembered as one of the most embarrassing aspects of Canadian history. The immigrant population of Canada today, including those who came from war torn Europe after 1918, has become a major part of the Canadian identity.
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In the early years of the war, Canada’s economic situation was bleak. In 1914, wheat yields plunged because of a severe drought. In 1914 and 1915, more than 50,000 people lost their jobs as the railway sector floundered under massive amounts of debt. Furthermore, construction and building activities shrank substantially from a lack of capital.
With the outbreak of the war, however, demands for soldiers, nurses, farm labourers and factory workers increased simultaneously. In the later years of the war, Canada’s agricultural output increased markedly because of favourable weather, and Canada exported huge quantities of wheat to the United Kingdom. Prime Minister Robert Borden initiated the new War Measures Act, which provided the government sweeping powers to do whatever it deemed necessary in the war effort. To provide war armaments to the allied armies, the government created the Imperial Munitions Board (IMB). By 1916, the IMB became Canada's largest employer, with 250,000 workers.
The IMB produced around one million shells a month, about a third of what the British armies were using on the western front. Maritime shipyards ran in full swing to manufacture submarines, and there were more than 100 plants across the country producing airplane parts. By 1916, unemployment virtually disappeared, and acute shortages of labour were felt in every sector of the economy. A large number of women homemakers moved into the work force.
The war placed an unprecedented drain on the financial resources of Canada. By 1915, military spending alone equalled the entire government expenditure of 1913. In 1918, the federal government’s war outlay was more than $2.5 million a day. As a result, the government’s budget deficit rose from 10% of gross national product (GNP) in 1913 to around 15% during the war, when both the deficit and GNP grew rapidly.
Prior to the war, the federal government’s main source of revenue was tariffs collected on imported goods. However, as war dragged on, it became evident that new sources of funds were essential. The government issued bonds such as Victory Bonds, which alone generated close to $2 billion from patriotic Canadians during the war years. Furthermore, the Government imposed taxes on many items including tobacco, alcohol, transport tickets, and patent medicines.
The Business Profits War Tax Act of 1916 required all Canadian corporations with $50,000 or more in capital to file a yearly tax return. In 1917, the Income War Tax Act introduced a ‘temporary’ tax on corporate and personal income. After the war, the government was paying $164 million a year in interest on the debt created during the war, and $76 million per annum in soldiers’ pensions. This was more than the entire federal budget before the war. As a result, income tax became a regular feature of the Canadian economy.
Once the war ended in November 1918, so did the heightened demand for goods and services. Although auto plants prospered, most other factories such as chemical and steel were shutting down, triggering unemployment. It took 10 years for manufacturing output to recover to wartime levels. Even those with jobs had difficulty in maintaining their standard of living as prices rose rapidly.
Some returning soldiers went back to the farm. Others found work in the services sector which had surpassed agriculture as the largest employer of Canadians just as war was breaking out. The Canadian economy underwent significant changes during World War I, but when peacetime returned, aside from the introduction of income tax and the rise of the services sector, it was more or less back to business as usual.
2007-01-14 03:32:20
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answer #3
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answered by The Answer Man 5
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