True or False?!!!?

Question

True or False. If False change the identified word to make the sentence true.
1 - CONSTITUTIONALISM is the concept whereby a country has several layers of government that are responsible for different government services.

2 - A PRECEDENT is the concept that the Supreme Court may rule on the constitutionality of a law.

3 - When a new president came to power, he appointed his friends and supporters to government jobs called SUFFRAGE.

4 - An early concept that allowed the Industrial Revolution to take place was an improvement in manufacturing knowing as INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS.

10 Points for Best Answer. Thank you!

Answer 1

What links these four questions is that they all address aspects of how the specialised division of labour works in a complex modern society. There is therefore more meat on this bone than I think some of you have realised.

1, False. Federalism is the right word.

2. False. Prerogative is the right word.

3. False. Sinecures or nepotism or patronage would all seem possible words to use.

4. False. Taylorism (or possibly Fordism) is the right word.

1. At the core political federalism is a political philosophy in which a group or body of members are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units (like states or provinces), Federalism is the system in which the power to govern is shared between the national & state governments, creating what is often called a federation.

2. A Prerogative is an exclusive legal right given from a government or state and invested in an individual or group, the content of which is separate from the body of rights enjoyed under the general law of the normative state. It was a common facet of Feudal law.

Thus particular courts have the exclusive right, given them by states to review the constitutionality of laws.

A judicial review is indeed how they exercise their prerogative. (It is the machanism used.) But the concept that they have a special and exclusive right to do this is called a prerogative.

3. Nepotism is seen as corrupt. President of Maldives Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom once had 13 of his brothers, brothers in law and his class mates as members of his cabinet.

Nepotism means favoring relatives because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.

The word nepotism comes from the Latin word 'nepos', meaning "nephew". In the Middle Ages, some Catholic popes and bishops, who had taken vows of chastity, and therefore usually had no children of their own, gave their nephews positions of preference such as were often accorded by fathers to sons.

Several popes are known to have elevated nephews and other relatives to the cardinalate. Often, such appointments were used as a means of continuing a papal "dynasty". For instance, Pope Callixtus III, of the Borgia family, made two of his nephews Cardinals; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a Cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander VI.

Coincidentally, Alexander—one of the most corrupt popes—elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress's brother, to the cardinalate; Farnese would later go on to become Pope Paul III. Paul also engaged in nepotism, appointing, for instance, two nephews (aged fourteen and sixteen) Cardinals.

The practice was finally ended when Pope Innocent XII issued a bull in 1692. The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a Cardinal.

A sinecure (from Latin sine, without, and cura, care) means an office which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labour, or active service. Examples are the Lord Privy Seal and the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the British cabinet. Sinecures have historically provided a potent tool for governments or monarchs to distribute patronage, while recipients are able to store up titles and easy salaries.

Political leaders often have at their disposal a great deal of patronage, in the sense that they take decisions on the appointment of officials inside and outside government (for example on quangos). Patronage is therefore a recognized and legitimate power of the executive branch. In most countries it has the right to make many of appointments, some of which may be lucrative, or sinecures.

In politics, patronage more narrowly defined is the practice by holders of political office of appointing their followers or fellow party members to positions. For example, those could be high-level posts such as ambassadorships, or lower-level civil service posts. Even blue-collar jobs on the government payroll may be sought after.

Such overt political patronage is seen as a tool for rewarding and enforcing loyalty; loyalty is the criterion for selecting a person rather than more meritocratic considerations. The selection process - if not based upon the competence of the person - is then naturally seen as questionable. There is a fine line dividing this from rewarding supporters corruptly with government contracts.

4. Taylorism ("Scientific managememt of production" in the Industrial Revolution) was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) who devised a form of industrial engineering that established the organization of work as in Ford's assembly line.

It replaced the idea of a craftsman who could do the whole job with that of a component-fitter who did one specialised task on a production line. And as such was anonymous and replaceable. You don't hear of a Ford Model T as being made by a Stradivarius or a Chippendale, do you?

Selection in Taylorism is based upon technical competence, training or experience and as such is contrasted to nepotism and sinecures where little or no aptitude is required.

Answer 2

1. False. It's a the limiting of governmental power by law. Balance of governing and enforcing laws upon a country's citizens and the rights of the individual.

2. False. A precedent is a standard set in a particular situation that has not been set before and will be looked up in the future when/if the case arises again.

3. False. Suffrage is just the right to vote. Although newely elected politicians often put family members or friends/allies in place.

4. True. And one of the most endearing traits of the revolution. It also eliminated original manufacturing in that each manufactured item was unique in design. Instead of having to consult the item's original design and crafting unique parts for it, you could now just construct a general part that would fit an entire model line. Also contributed to greater standards in manufacturing.

Answer 3

Hi Moon,

Trust me on this one, okay? Nobody has given you four correct answers. The real answers are as follows.

1. False. The term is "Federalism."

2. False. The term is "Judicial Review."

3. False. The term is "Patronage." (The term "Nepotism" refers to giving jobs to family members. Patronage was the heart and soul of the political machines.)

4. True.

Answer 4

1 -- False, I think the word is "federalism"
2 -- False, this one should be "judicial review" (thanks to Natashya for that one, I couldn't think of it)
3 -- False, what you're describing is actually "nepotism"

(Suffrage refers to the right to vote, and the cabinet is hopefully a group of appointed advisors who have administrative experience in their respective departements. They aren't necessarily the president's friends, and may not even be known to him before taking office. For example, Donald Rumsfeld was older than Bush's father and was recalled from retirement!)

4 -- False

There were several concepts that fit this description, I can think of three:

Division of labor
Assembly lines
Raising of public capital to buy larger and more assets
(which lead to joint ventures and then to publicly owned companies, the first known "corporations", in England in the 1800's)

Answer 5

If you don't do your own homework, you'll never learn the skills you need to survive as an adult. Not so much the questions in the test, the jumping through the hoops.

Answer 6

1.True
2.False
3.A legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment.
4.True

Answer 7

Fales

Answer 8

1.t
2. f Judicial review
3. f CAbinet
4. t

Answer 9

need someone to do your homework, I'd rather get money than points for this...

Answer 10

i truly do not have an answer