tell me how electrons behave as both wave and particles?

Question

thanking u all

Answer 1

Great first answer, it taught me some things.

I might add some simple observations.

There is a device called a radiometer, it looks like a paddle wheel inside a glass vacuum chamber. One side of the paddles is painted black, the other is white. So the black side absorbs light, and the white reflects. If you shine a light on the radiometer, the paddle wheel spins, the more light you shine the faster it spins. In this example light is behaving like a particle. Light is performing mechanical work, just like if you were shooting bullets at those paddle wheels.

Now shine collimated light at two slits in a barrier. The light from one slit will interact with the light of the other slit. An interference pattern can be seen. The pattern shows dark spots where the wavelengths of light destructively interfere. The interference pattern will also show bright spots where the light is constructively interfering (the waves of light are stacking on top of each other). In this example light is acting like a wave.

I hope these two examples help to illustrate the duality of light.

Answer 2

The electron is in the class of subatomic particles called leptons, which are believed to be fundamental particles (that is, they cannot be broken down into smaller constituent parts).

As with all particles, electrons can also act as waves. This is called the wave-particle duality, also known by the term complementarity coined by Niels Bohr and can be demonstrated using the double-slit experiment.

In physics and chemistry, wave-particle duality holds that light and matter exhibit properties of both waves and of particles. A central concept of quantum mechanics, duality addresses the inadequacy of conventional concepts like "particle" and "wave" to meaningfully describe the behaviour of quantum objects. The idea of duality is rooted in a debate over the nature of light and matter dating back to the 1600s, when competing theories of light were proposed by Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton. Through the work of Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie and many others, it is now accepted that all objects have both wave and particle nature (though this phenomenon is only detectable on small scales, such as with atoms), and that a suitable interpretation of quantum mechanics provides the over-arching theory resolving this ostensible paradox.

Aplication:
Wave-particle duality is exploited in electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopes), where the small wavelengths associated with the electron can be used to view objects much smaller than what is visible using visible light.