how could one change in a DNA nucleotide alter the formation of the translated protein?

Question

example: difference between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin.

Answer 1

The change in one DNA nucleotide can change the code for the amino acid to be produced. The mRNA will copy that change during transcription. Usually that one change in the amino acid will completely change the the shape and structure of the protein during translation (remember proteins are polymers of amino acids, that is they are built up of different amino acids).

Answer 2

Although many single base changes will probably have NO effect on a protein, there are actually 3 effects it CAN have:

1. A nonsense mutation: A single base change in DNA can lead to a premature stop codon, meaning transcription would be halted before it was supposed to be. Cells have developed a system called "nonsense mediated decay", where any mRNA that is incorrectly terminated in the wrong place will not be translated into a protein.

2. Missense mutation: A single base change in DNA results in a transcribed mRNA, and translated mutant protein that cannot function like the wild type (normal) protein would. Sickle Cell disease is the best example, where a glutamic acid is substituted by a valine.

3. Splice site mutation: An inton-exon boundary is affected by the mutation and the mRNA does not splice correctly, leading to a mutant protein.

Answer 3

It relies upon on the form of substitute that's. If that's a factor mutation, the substitute must be substantial, or it ought to have no consequence. the main uncomplicated form of genetic sickle cellular anemia is led to by applying a factor mutation (substitution) that alters the amino acid interior the 6th place of the beta hemoglobin chain. This makes the full hemoglobin molecule behave in a distinctive way. physique shift mutations could have an excellent consequence on the polypeptide, per the place the mutation happens. If the mutation is close to the front of the polypeptide, the full protein must be inactive.

Answer 4

That one change causes a substitution of a different amino acid, so the resulting protein turns out differently.

Answer 5

Different amino acid coded for and you get different bonding patterns, possible. Form is function in proteins, so change the amino acid sequence and you could have a whole different shape and function to your protein. If it even worked.