Name and Describe the first stage of all respiration.?

Answer 1

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway by which a 6-carbon glucose (Glc) molecule is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid (Pyr).

Note that the word glycolysis is derived from Greek glukus (sweet) and lusis (rupture). It is the initial process of most carbohydrate catabolism, and it serves three principal functions:

The generation of high-energy molecules (ATP and NADH) as cellular energy sources as part of anaerobic respiration. (which is worthwhile to note that AR is different in mammals and yeast)
Former produces lactic acid while latter produces alcohol. (impt in biotech industries.)

a) Production of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle as part of aerobic respiration. (CTA cycle also known as Krebs cycle)
b) The production of a variety of six- and three-carbon intermediate compounds, which may be removed at various steps in the process for other cellular purposes.

Essentially, this first stage termed glycolysis is summed up as:
--glucose (6 carbons) is broken down into two pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each)
--ATP consuming phase - 2 ATP are consumed
--ATP producing phase - 4 ATP are produced
--NET GAIN OF 2 ATP
--occurs in the cytosol (as opposed to krebs cycle later on the mitochondrion inner cristae)

therefore...
Glyco-lysis : converts 1 glucose (C6) to 2 pyruvate (C3)
produces : 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, & 2 ATP (net)

worthwhile to note:
--2 NADH are produced which can be used to make more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation
--NET GAIN OF 2 NADH

Answer 2

E