can someone please answer this question?

Question

there are many protons in the nucleus of the atom they are all positively charged then howcome they dont repel each other and howcome they dont attract the electrons from the orbits or shells.

Answer 1

There is something called the strong nuclear force that holds the protons together. As the name suggests, it's stronger than the electrostatic force that would repel them normally. Same applies for the attraction to electrons

Answer 2

First, the atomic number determines what the element is. the atomic number is the number of protons. The number of neutrons can vary for an element. Thus forming different isotopes. Hydrogen has three famous isotopes.

hydrogen (1 proton, 1 electron)
deuterium (1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electron)
tritium (1 proton, 2 neutrons, 1 electron)

tritium has the shortest half life (if you don't know that term , google it). Meaning neutrons do not glue the nucleus together.

Another example. U238 has 146 neutrons and a half life of 4 billions years. U239 has 147 neutrons and a half life of 23 minutes.

So why are some atoms more stable than others and why don't protons just repel each other into oblivion? What is going on is this. There are attractive forces and repulsive forces within a nucleus. In theory every nucleon (ie nuclear particle) interacts (attracts and repels) with every other nucleon (which is why quantum mechanical equations become impossible to solve exactly for large atoms). Anyway, there is a particular distance between nucleons that is lowest energy (sometimes called an energy well). At closer distances the repulsive forces dominate. At larger distances, the repulsive forces are small enough that the attractive forces prevail. The more stable the structure of the nucleus, the longer the halflife. Changing the number of neutrons changes the structure of the nucleus and it's stability.

So what exactly are the attrractive forces? good question. very complicated answer. Read here...
http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_forces.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force

Answer 3

Protons attract the electrons that are closest to the nucleus most strongly. As you move farther away from the nucleus a phenomenon called shielding occurs. Shielding electrons shield the valence electrons from the full force of attraction exerted by the positive charge in the nucleus. Thus the electrons not in the 1s orbital feel a lesser attraction to the nucleus.

Answer 4

The electrons are maintained in specific energy levels that overcomes the attraction of opposite charges.
The protons are confined by the same forces that maintain the electron states.
The strong nuclear force holds the protons and neutrons from contacting each other in the nucleus.
If this strong force is overcome by heat and pressure the protons fuse releasing energy as in the center of a star,nuclear fusion.
Gravity when intense enough will force the protons and electrons together forming a neutron star.
The strong force holds the neutrons apart by approx.,5 neutron diameter,maintaining it"s viability.
The black hole question comes up after that!

Answer 5

it is a nice question really and have a nice answer as well

as you said the nucleus have a postive particles called porotones and also a neutral particles called neutones

to know why they don't repel with each other in fact they are repel together for sure but with a very little amount that you can't feel or see " try to imagine the size of nucles" if it contain parts and this parts repel together it sure have effect but would it be the great effect that could be obtained " if you have two extremly terminals of magnatism with diffrient charges on the terminal would their repel would be like if you have to big magnatism with diffrient terminals???? " that is the answer for the first part"

the answer for the seconed part which is why they don't attract the electrones from the orbital or shells

in fact neucles attract electrons from shells since they have diffrient charge "negative" and the neucles is a positive particle but the electrons are spining around the neucles in orbitals right? this movement could be expressed as cercular or close to cercular movement " try to do it get a rope the first terminal is attached to any solid particle while the other terminal is attached to your hand and now move the terminal in your hand over your head in a cercular path you will see that the solid particle is moving also in a cercular path since you still moving it it will move also in a cercular path if you stope rolling it will stop"
it is the same with electron electron is moving now around the necules with a fixed velocity this velocity make the force of attraction by the necules is equall to the center fiugal foce by electron to eject from the atom " if you cut the rope while you are rolling it the solid part will fly away of you due to the center fugal force"

now we have a body under two equivilant forces so for sue it will still fixed in it is place

the most important thing to know that the protones in neucles does repel but why it is not obtainied it is shown above

the other thing also to know that there are attraction between neucles "as a positive charge" and electrones" as a negative charge" but why electron does not drop in neucles and it still excess also show above


hope that it help


....................
good luck

Answer 6

The nuclear binding force is stronger than the electrostatic repel force, just as the paranoid guy said. A fusion power plant uses this force: it trys to overcome the repelling electrostatic force. As soon as this happens the nuclear binding force is set free. Thats where the power comes from.
With the electrons it is this: They are fast. Very fast. It is the centrifugal force that keeps them in orbit. Would all atomic movement cease (like at zero degrees Kelvin) all matter would collaps. Remember, all matter is mainly made up of the space in between. This suggests the following: Most of everything is nothing. Sad story, isn't it?

Answer 7

The neutrons in the nucleus act sort of like a glue holding everything together through the (short ranged) strong forces

If there are not enough neutrons then the nucleus will be unstable and will probably decay quickly.

The protons do attract the electrons, However I think it is becuase of electron-electron repulsion which keeps them away.

Answer 8

The electrons don't lose energy and spiral inwards into the
nucleus. It's because the rules of quantum forbids it. If it did
happen it would violate the uncertainty principle. You would know both the position (centre) and the momentum (at rest, zero); and this you are never allowed to know. The uncertainty principle also limits the range of the exchange force which is 137X stronger than the electromagnetic force which would tend to cause the protons to fly apart. Electromagnetic range is infinite but the 'strong force' range is very limited.

Answer 9

at the close distances between the protons the force becomes attractive rather than repulsive (I think) and the electrons can only exist in certain 'shells' around the nucleus - 2 in the first, 8 in the second etc and they need a certain amount of energy to move higher up or emit a certain amount of energy to drop lower.

Answer 10

what about the neutrons
and the laws that control the strong nuclear force
that binds