Where can I publish my research ideas in physics economics etc while retaining intellectual property rights?

Question

These are in physics, economics, etc

Answer 1

Depends on what you mean by intellectual property rights. The simple act of publication grants copyright protection to your work (at least in the US). The USPTO, however, won't patent:
Laws of nature (wind, gravity)
Physical phenomena (sand, water)
Abstract ideas (mathematics, a philosophy)
Literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works. (Can be copyright protected)
Perpetual motion machines (considered impossible)

But if you use your research to come up with a new gadget (or even a new way to pay for things, eq. credit cards), you can patent that.

Answer 2

You cannot copyright an idea, nor retain intellectual property rights over on. At least not in the U.S. Copyright protections extend only to the text of the document. Not to the idea within.

Answer 3

You can't.

Publishing ideas places them in the public domain. You would retain copyright on the actual published materials, but no protection on the ideas.

If you wish to protect the ideas then you need patent law. It may, in fact, not be possible to protect them in law. A patent must be filed prior to publication to succeed.