What are some Islamic achievements in physics?

Question

I'm doing a report and can't find anything. The achievements have to be from about the 8th to 15th century.

Thanks in advance!

Answer 1

In the field of physics the Muslims made contributions especially in three domains. The first was the measurement of specific weights of objects and the study of the balance following upon the work of Archimedes. In this domain the writings of al-Biruni and al-Khazini stand out. Secondly they criticized the Aristotelian theory of projectile motion and tried to quantify this type of motion. The critique of Ibn Sina, Abu'l-Barakat

al-Baghdadi, Ibn Bajjah and others led to the development of the idea of impetus and momentum and played an important role in the criticism of Aristotelian physics in the West up to the early writings of Galileo. Thirdly there is the field of optics in which the Islamic sciences produced in Ibn al-Haytham (the Latin Alhazen) who lived in the 11th century, the greatest student of optics between Ptolemy and Witelo. Ibn al-Haytham's main work on optics, the Kitab al-manazir, was also well known in the West as Thesaurus opticus. Ibn al-Haytham solved many optical problems, one of which is named after him, studied the property of lenses, discovered the Camera Obscura, explained correctly the process of vision, studied the structure of the eye, and explained for the first time why the sun and the moon appear larger on the horizon. His interest in optics was carried out two centuries later by Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi and Kamal al-Din al-Farisi. It was Qutb al-Din who gave the first correct explanation of the formation of the rainbow.

It is important to recall that in physics as in many other fields of science the Muslims observed, measured and carried out experiments. They must be credited with having developed what came to be known later as the scientific, or empirical method.

Answer 2

Timur, khan of the Jagatai Mongols and Il Khan of Persia conquered the main important Islamic empire, replaced into to blame for great architectural works, somewhat in his capital,Samarkand, and replaced into additionally a observed shopper of getting to grasp.even if, he replaced into additionally merciless and ruthless, his armies slaughtering actually hundreds of thousands of human beings interior the direction of his conquests. common, the Ottoman empire could qualify as "ultimate". in terms of toughness - over six hundred years.It replaced into in all probability additionally the main useful state interior the international interior the 1st 0.5 of the sixteenth century,some thing no different Islamic empire ever performed.even even with the indisputable fact that it went into decline from the seventeenth century onwards, the Ottomans nevertheless controlled an limitless section suitable as much as the 20 th century.there replaced into additionally a great ethnic and non secular variety interior the empire's inhabitants.

Answer 3

saira n's answer is excellent. If you want to know more I recommend the book Science and Civilization in Islam by Seyyed Hossein Nasr