during 1863, the union forces achieved decisive victories that effectively sealed the fate of the confederacy?

Question

in the battles of

a) bull run & shiloh
b) fredericksburg & chancellorsville
c) vicksburg & gettysburg
d) petersburg & atlanta
e) chancellorsville & petersburg

Answer 1

Union victory
Grant's decisive victories resulted in the unconditional surrender of the Confederacy. (Northern newspapers of the day hailed U. S. Grant as "Unconditional Surrender" Grant). Southern diplomats had been trying to negotiate terms of peace, or even conditional surrender, ever since the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, but Northern leaders would not hear of it. The prevailing opinion among Northern leaders was that anything short of the Union Army defeating the Confederate Army in the field of battle would be a failure and could leave the door open to future conflict.

That goal was achieved on April 9, 1865, when Robert E. Lee officially surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Grant at Appomattox Court House. Although there were other Confederate armies that would surrender in the following weeks, such as Joseph E. Johnston's in North Carolina, this date was nevertheless symbolic of the end of the bloodiest war in American history, the end of the Confederate States of America, and the beginning of the slow process of Reconstruction.

Battle of Vicksburg 1863
By Mary L. Bushong

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 The city of Vicksburg in Mississippi was considered the hinge point between the two halves of the Civil War: the east and the west. General Ulysses S. Grant, of the Union army, was convinced that the key to winning the war was the control of Vicksburg which sat right on the banks of the Mississippi River. His first expeditions were failures, but Grant didn't give up.

2 Finally, he devised a complicated plan. First, Grant marched his troops some 25 miles south of Vicksburg. They crossed through swamps and bayous [pronounced BY-yoos]. There, Union gunboats met them. They had run past the gun batteries at Vicksburg on a moonless night to aid the army. Their job was to ferry the entire Union force across the Mississippi River.

3 After crossing, Grant realized that he had to control Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, before he could get to his destination. It was an important railway center which could help move troops and supplies to Vicksburg. On May 14, 1863, he took the city. Before it was captured though, Confederate General Joe Johnston sent a message to General Pemberton in Vicksburg. He wanted them to cede the city and retreat so the Confederate force there would not be captured.

Answer 2

c. Vicksburg and Gettysburg Vicksburg on July 4, 1863 sealed the Confederates fate because it cut in half the Confederacy by the Mississippi Gettysburg on July 3,1863 because the Army of Northern Virginia die not get to their attended goal Philadelphia and never reached into northern territory or at least above the Mason-Dixon line again.

Answer 3

C