i have alot of questions about cellular respiration. Really confused?!!?!?

Question

1)Why can glycolysis supply energy to cells when oxygen is not present?
2)How much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused at the end of glycolysis?
3)On average, how many ATP molecules are produced as each pair of high-energy electrons move down the electron transport chain? (think its 1 but not sure)
4)What is the name of the space that H+ ions build up in between the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane?
5) why is it that 18 times as much ATP can be generated from glucose is presence of oxygen than without oxygen?
6) WHat happends to the 62% of the total energy of glucose that is not used to make ATP molecules?
7)What are the 3 sources of ATP a human body uses at the beginning of a race?
8 When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, which source can supply enough ATP for around 90 seconds? (one of sources from question 7)
8)Why does a sprinter have an "oxygen debt to repay" after the race is over?

*2 more ?'s in add. details

9) how does the body generate the necessary ATP for a distance race?

10) Why are aerobic forms of excercise so beneficial for weight control?


Out of the 78 questions i answered i can't get these questions. Thanks for the help in advance.

Answer 1

Ok, Ms. K did a good job but she got a few things incorrect. Let me clear it up so you're not confused.

1) Contrary to what Ms. K said, glycolysis requires glucose, pre-existing ATP, ADP, NAD+, and phosphate.

2) Ms. K was close to right on this - glycolysis produces 4 ATPs of energy. 2 ATPs are needed to start glycolysis, so the NET total is 2 ATPs and 2 NADHs from one glucose molecule. The structural byproduct is pyruvate, which then can produce 34 ATPs, mostly from the electron transport chain.

3) Each electron that moves down the chain is moved to a higher energy state by the NADH and FADH2 molecules produced in the Kreb cycle and glycolysis. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to become NAD+ and FADH, respectively. For each NADH oxidized, 3 ATPs are produced. For each FADH2 oxidized, 2 ATPs are produced.

4) Ms. K got it - the intermembranous space.

5) Ms. K got it - the use of aerobic respiration with the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, Pyruvate Oxidation, and the Electron Transport Chain allows the cell to produce 36 ATPs of energy compared to the 2 produced by glycolysis and 0 produced by fermentation in anaerobic cells.

6) I'd have to agree with Ms. K on this one - good job!

7) ATP is made in glycolysis, the Kreb Cycle, and the Electron transport chain.

8 Good job by Ms. K, but I think the answer you're looking for is "glycolysis". As Ms. K said, the body goes through fermentation, but the process that is occurring in fermentation is glycolysis.

8) the "oxygen debt" is the fact that the runner has run out of oxygen while running the race - the amount of oxygen needs to be put back into the body so that the body can continue with aerobic repiration again. Something you may not know is that oxygen is required in the body during aerobic respiration as the final electron acceptor during the electron transport chain. This is why it needs to be "repaid" as human activity can not persist on anaerobic respiration alone!

9) See question 8) ---> The body needs to continue to generate ATP through aerobic respiration in a distance race.

10) I love Ms. K's answer on this. Go with hers. Good job Ms. K :)

Answer 2

1) glycolysis does not require oxygen. It just requires a constant supply of glucose and NAD+
2) at the end of glycolysis, you have pyruvic acid. there is still energy left in that. Amount of energy that can be obtained from krebs cycle and electron transport chain is the amount of energy left in pyruvic acid. (34 ATPs worth. 36 total, 2 is from glycolysis)
3) 2 if the 2e- was coming from NADH. 1 if its from FADH2.
4) intermembrane space
5) without oxygen, cells rely on just glycolysis (2 ATPs) and fermentation (no ATP). With oxygen present, cells can further breakdown pyruvic acid in krebs cycle (2 ATPs) and electron transport chain (32 ATPs). So its 2 ATP vs 34 ATPs.
6) Hm. I never encountered this question, but it's an interesting one. Everytime there is breaking and forming of bonds, energy is transferred. No energy transferrance is perfect, and there is always energy lost as heat. I guess anything that is not stored as chemical energy in ATP is lost as heat or still in chemical bonds of waste products (CO2 and H2O). By the way, this heat is not totally lost. This is the source of heat that endothermic animals use to maintain body temperature.
7) ATPs are made in glycolysis, krebs cycle and in the electron transport chain.
8) when there is high demand for ATP, the available ATP is used up. The body can't supply oxygen fast enough to keep aerobic respiration going (krebs cycle and electron transport chain). When there is no oxygen available, cells can do fermentation to keep making ATP with glycolysis. What fermentation does is replenish the supply of NAD+ that is required to keep glycolysis going. Animals do lactic acid fermentation. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid. This lactic acid can build up in muscles, which makes muscles sore. After the race is over, this process needs to be reversed.
9 ) The body can't keep doing lactic acid fermentation. It does not supply enough ATP (only 2 per glucose), and lactic acid builds up. That's why it's important to breathe when doing exercise. This will supply the oxygen and the cells will be able to do aerobic respiration, which breaks down glucose completely and generate more ATP (36 per glucose)
10) Aerobic excercise is an exercise where you breathe constantly and avoid build up of lactic acid. Aerobic respiration is better because it breaks down food molecules completely. I suppose if you do more aerobic exercise, you will "train" your body to breakdown food molecules better by making more enzymes responsible for aerobic respiration.

Answer 3

a million) the respond is ATP. ATP is ate up interior the preparatory part of glycolysis. 2) this might desire to be obvious to you. only look into your ability solutions, do you truthfully think of people use alcoholic fermentation? we don't produce alcohol as a waste product, you will possibly desire to comprehend this. otherwise we would be inebriated consistently for the reason that metabolic waste products are transported in the process the blood bypass. attempt to think of. 3) i'm assuming D is definitely "CO2 and H2O" you will possibly desire to understand the cellular respiratory equation. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP The waste products are the products of the everyday reaction, or the marvelous factor of the equation. those questions are incredibly trouble-free and might have been definitely been spoke back with the aid of employing wikipedia.

Answer 4

#2 is 75 %