what is protein synthesis and its different steps?

Answer 1

Bascially, it's the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.

DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein
Transcription Translation

Under Transcription, DNA is transcribed into pri-mRNA and the pri-mRNA then undergoes Post-transcriptional Modification known as Splicing to rid of the introns. Then, a methylated cap and the RNA is given a poly A tail. After ridding of these processes, it is now known as mRNA.

mRNA then undergoes translation in the ribosome to form a chain of amino acids with the help of small and large ribsomal subunits and the tRNA. The first amino acid form would be Methionine. After translation, the chain of amino acids would undergo Post-translational modification to get its "right" shape by undergoing through intein splicing, phosphrylation and folding.

Answer 2

There are four phases of protein synthesis: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary.

Primary:
Amino acids which are called upon line up and join together to form a string of amino acids

Secondary:
These strings are then folded into the alpha helix (coil) and beta pleated sheets (little bent things) by means of hydrogen bonding.

Tertiary:
The R groups of the amino acids of the alpha helix and beta sheets join together by disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and vander waals interactions to form one complete polypeptide.

Quaternary:
The individual polypeptides join together to create a protein. These polypeptides are drawn together by collagen fibers.

Answer 3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

Answer 4

Please refer to this website. Hope this helps!

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/protein_synthesis.html