can u explain to me what gramsci meant by hegemony and how does it differ from ideology?

Answer 1

An ideology is just a set of beliefs and values. Hegemony in general basically just means the domination of one group over another, but Gramsci uses the term in a somewhat more specific way. The general idea was that one social class could dominate the others and define the ideology for the culture as a whole. This was his explanation for why the workers' revolution predicted by Marx never took place; cultural hegemony prevented the workers from realizing they were being exploited and rising up to do something about it.

Answer 2

Hegemony is describing the state of a culture. That is, in the United States, idividual freedom and liberty is the cultural hegemony which prevents some collectivist policies from ever being placed on the agenda or considered as policies.
Ideology refers to a set of ideas or beliefs about how things work or should work, particularly in the political realm.
The classical liberal ideology is the hegemony of the USA.