what are the geographic features formed by river ganga in its upper, middle and lower course?

Answer 1

upper sources of the Ganga river includes the Gangotri Glacier in the foothills of the Himalayas in North Uttar Pradesh.
The middle of the river gives water and life to many populous cities, including Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna, Varanasi (the holiest site in Hinduism) and Calcutta.
The lower course of the river is a huge delta, the Sunderbans delta.

Answer 2

The Ganga river, also known as the Ganges is a major river (length: about 1500 miles) of the Indian subcontinent, formed in the southern ranges of the Himalayas, in the state of Uttaranchal. The Ganges river basin (a.k.a. Gangetic plains) is one of the most fertile regions of the world and also one of the most densely populated, lies between the Himalayas and the Vindhya ranges embracing an area of more than 1 million sq. kms. Accumulated rains along its banks (during the monsoons) and melted snow from the Himalayas (during summers) keep the river always adequately vigorous. Illustrious Flow through Indian Heartland The river emerges from an ice cave, 10,300 ft above sea level as Bhairathi river. About about 10 miles from the source is Gangotri, the first temple on its banks and a traditional resort of pilgrims. At the village of Devaprayag, some120 miles downstream, the Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda river to form the Ganges. The river then flows west to Haridwar, then to southeast to Allahabad gaining tremendous momentum. At Allahabad, the Ganges is joined by the Yamuna river. from the southwest, and from that point the river flows east past Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Patna, Monghyr, and Bhagalpur, receiving Son, Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandak, and Kosi rivers. In the Rajmahal Hills, at the head of the Ganges delta, 563 miles from Allahabad, the river turns south yet again and begins a descent of 283 miles to the Bay of Bengal. Near Pakaur, the Bhagirathi (again assuming the former name of the river) and, 71 miles lower down, the Jalangi river branch off from the main stream, and after individual courses of 120 miles each, unite to form the Hoogli river. The main branch of the Ganges, from which numerous minor tributaries flow, continues in Bangladesh, as the Padma river., to the town of Shivalaya (a.k.a. Sibalay), where it unites with the Jamuna, the main branch of the Brahmaputra, and finally runs through the Meghna estuary into the Bay of Bengal. Between the Meghna estuary and the west channel of the Hoogli river are the several mouths of the deltaic channels. The northern portion of the delta is fertile and well cultivated. The southern section consists mostly of swampland, known as the Sundarbans, rich in vegetation and animal life. The marshes in Sundarbans are infested by several species of crocodiles, and the forests are the last home to Bengal Tigers. From year to year the Ganges exchanges old channels for new ones, particularly in the alluvial basin of its lower reaches. Only two rivers, the Amazon and Congo have a higher discharge than the combined flow of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Surma-Meghna river system. Until the end of the 18th Century, the Ganges River separately discharged into the Bay of Bengal a few kilometers west of the Meghna Estuary. The Brahmaputra River flowed to the east of the Madhupur Tract (upland) and after joining with the Meghna River their combined flow fed into the estuary following approximately the same alignment as the present Lower Meghna River. Between the end of the 18th Century and early 19th Century, the Brahmaputra River increased its diversion via the Jamuna River and joined with the Ganges at Aricha. This change was hastened by the 1897 earthquake.