what information is there on glue production in Nigeria?

Question

I need anything on the process choice,raw materials,unit operations involved,main,intermediate and by-products,uses,energy considerations and ancilliary facilities for the production of glue..in relation to the Nigerian setting

Answer 1

At the bottom of this piece is an email. I suggest you send a request for information directly to the source. Good luck.

The nutritive reserves of cassava is made up of starch, which is one of the most important products synthesized by plants that is consumed as food and used in industrial processes. The currently increasing cassava production will lead to higher amount of starch available making it cheaper for industrial processes, and opening up new markets. There is also abundant capacity in many tropical countries such as Nigeria to increase cassava production.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta), also called manioc, tapioca or yuca, is one of the most important food crops in the humid tropics, being particularly suited to conditions of low nutrient availability and able to survive drought (Burrell, 2003). The plant grows to a height of 1 to 3 m and several roots may be found on each plant. Although cassava leaves are sometimes consumed, the major harvested organ is the tuber, which is actually a swollen root. The plant is propagated mostly from stem cuttings. A major limitation of cassava production is the rapid post harvest deterioration of its roots which usually prevents their storage in the fresh state for more than a few days (Okezie and Kosikowski, 1982).

Cassava ranks very high among crops that convert the greatest amount of solar energy into soluble carbohydrates per unit of area. Among the starchy staples, cassava gives a carbohydrate production which is about 40% higher than rice and 25% more than maize, with the result that cassava is the cheapest source of calories for both human nutrition and animal feeding. A typical composition of the cassava root is moisture (70%), starch (24%), fiber (2%), protein (1%) and other substances including minerals (3%). Compared to other crops, cassava excels under suboptimal conditions, offering the possibility of using marginal land to increase total agricultural production (****, 1982). Plant breeders, agronomists and recently molecular biologists have made substantial improvements in cassava yields during the last two decades. While, genetic characterization and mapping has revealed some insights into the molecular nature of cassava (Tonukari et al. 1997; Fregene et al.2003)

An important food source
More than two-thirds of the total production of cassava is used as food for humans, with lesser amounts being used for animal feed (Nwokoro et al. 2002) and industrial purposes. The future demand for fresh cassava may depend on improved storage methods, but the markets for cassava as a substitute for cereal flours in bakery products and as energy source in animal feed rations are likely to expand.

Starch is one of the most important plant products to man. It is an essential component of food providing a large proportion of the daily calorific intake. In West Africa, cassava flour and gari (a processed cassava product) are consumed in large quantities. Cassava starch is recommended for use in extruded snacks for improved expansion. It is also used as a thickener in foods that are not subject to rigorous processing conditions. Cassava starch, which is very bland in flavor, is used in processed baby foods as a filler material and bonding agent in confectionary and biscuit industries.

Cassava as an industrial base
Cassava is also used to produce starch for industrial use and other products used in processed food. Starch is a multibillion dollar business worldwide and it is finding application in several industries. Cassava starch can perform most of the functions where maize, rice and wheat starch are currently used. Starch is utilized in sizing and dyeing in the textiles industries to increase brightness and weight of the cloth. In the pharmaceutical industries, starch serves as a filler material and bonding agent for making tablets. Cassava starch also have several other numerous uses such as an additive in cement to improve the setting time, and it is used to improve the viscosity of drilling muds in oil wells. It is also used to seal the walls of bore holes and prevent fluid loss. Starch is also the main raw material in glue and adhesive industries. In paper production, cassava starch is currently used as glue to achieve brightness and strength. Starch is also an important raw material for powder in the cosmetics industries. In detergent soap manufacture, starch is used to get better recovery and to improve the shelf life of detergents. While in the rubber and foam industries, starch is employed for getting better foaming and color.

Cassava starch can be converted to maltotriose, maltose, and glucose as well as to other modified sugars and organic acids (Tan et al. 1984). Starch from cassava can be used to make fructose syrups (Vuilleumier, 1993) and formulate gelatin capsules (Nduele et al. 1993). The use of cassava as a source of ethanol for fuel is already being exploited and very promising. Recently, Roble et al. 2003 demonstrated the production L-Lactic acid from raw cassava starch in a bioreactor using Aspergillus awamori (fungus) and Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis (bacteria). Furthermore, cassava dregs could be employed for phytase production after the addition of a nitrogen source and mineral salts

(Hong et al. 2001), while activated carbons prepared from waste cassava peel (Rajeshwarisivaraj et al. 2001) are efficient as adsorbents for dyes and metal ions

Editor African Journal of Biotechnology
Department of Biochemistry
Delta State University
P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
E-mail: [e-mail]
http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb...