What are the basic properties of electric charge ?

Question

point wise answers

Answer 1

1. electric charge is a fundamental property like length ,time ,mass
2. charge is conserved i.e. charges are neither created nor destroyed
3. charge is quantized - whatever charge exists in nature is always integer multiple of fundamental charge
4. charge is relativistically invariant i.e. charge is not effected by its motion
5. like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Answer 2

The law of charges states that opposite charges attract and like charges repel. For example, two objects that contain opposite charge are attracted to each other. The two positively charged objects and two negatively charged units repel each other. The reason for this is that lines of force can never cross each other. The outward-going lines of force of a positively charged object combine with the inward-going lines of force of a negatively charged object. This combining produces an attraction between the two objects. If the two objects with like charges come close to each other, the lines of force repel. Since the nucleus has a net positive charge and the electron has a negative charge, the electron is attracted to the nucleus.
Electrical current is the flow of electrons. It is produced when an electron from one atom knocks electrons of another atom out of orbit. When an atom contains only one valence electron, that electron is easily given up when struck by another electron. The striking electron gives its energy to the electron being struck. The striking electron settles into orbit around the atom, and the electron that was struck moves off to strike another electron. This same effect in the game of pool. If the moving cue ball strikes a stationary ball. The stationary ball then moves off with the most of the cue ball's energy, and the cue ball stops moving. The stationary ball did not move off with all the energy of the cue ball. It moved off with most of the energy of the cue ball. Some of the cue ball's energy was lost to heat when it struck the stationary ball. Some energy is also lost when one electron strikes another. That is why a wire heats when current flows through it. If too much current flows through a wire, overheating will damage the wire and possibly become a fire hazard.
This is basic electrical theory but there are many other factors involved. You can create a measurable current by passing one magnet over another of opposite polarity. When doing this, you are moving electrons from their normal position to another. These electrons carry a positive or negative charge. The proton carries a positive charge and electrons carry a negative charge. If you get down to real basics, you are creating a minute nuclear device when you move these atoms.

Answer 3

According to modern theory, most elementary particles of matter possess charge, either positive or negative. Two particles with like charges, both positive or both negative, repel each other, while two particles with unlike charges are attracted. The electric force between two charged particles is much greater than the gravitational force between the particles. The negatively charged electrons in an atom are held near the nucleus because of their attraction for the positively charged protons in the nucleus.

Answer 4

Well...
i. Like charges repel each other.
ii.Unlike charges attract each other.

Answer 5

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