what were the main events that marked the growth of rome into a powerful republic?

Question

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Answer 1

Rome started out as, if you believe the legends, as a stockade of tought backwoodsmen. If not, it started out as a collection a villages. Either way they were from the start a pretty tought bunch of people. The first main event was the foundation of the republic in 509 B.C. Here they overthrew their king Tarquinius Superbus and in the subsequent battles they stood against the Eutruscan counter attack. In the next century they had the Latin Wars which started them on the road to power. They besieged the city of Veii for a long time c 405-395 B.C. and then survived the Gallic invasion. After that they annexed Sabinia and came in contact with the Samnite federation. After three wars they were eventually victorious. Defeated at the battle of Caudine Folks in 321 B.C. in which the Roman army was put throught the yolk, they recovered. In the final battle at Segentium in 297 B.C. they defeated the combined armies of the Samnite federation and the Gauls. They then conquered the Samnite federation. They then controlled all of central Italy.
They then came in conflict with the Greek colonies of Southern Italy namely Tarrentium who got a champion , PHYRRUS king of Euriphus. A cousin of Alexander the Great. After being defeated in two battles they finally defeated him at Benaventum. They then had southern Italy.
In 264 B.C. they came into conflict with Carthage in what was known as the Punic Wars. In the first (264-241B.C.) they became a naval power. Having copied a stranded Carthaginian quinqumene and trained their crews on the beach. They won the naval battle of MYLAE in 262 B.C. and ECONOMUS in 256 B.C.
They finally captured a Carthaginian supply fleet in 242 B.C. and Carthage surrendered. In the second (218-202 B.C. ) they had to stand the campaingns of Hannible Barca for 15 years until eventually they won the battle of ZAMA in Africa in 202 B.C. This made them the masters of the Western Meditteraenian. They then fought the Macedonian Wars winning the battle of CYNOCEPELAE in 197 B. C. and against the Selucid Empire winning the battle of MAGNESIA in 179 B.C. and completed the Macedonian Wars by winning the battle of PYNDA in 167 B.C. This gave them overlordship of the Eastern Meditteraenian. They rounded it of with the conquest of Macedonia in 148 B.C. and of Greece in 146 B.C. This ended with the sacking of Corinth. In the same year they won the third Punic War (151-146 B.C.) with the sacking and final destrucion of Carthage. By then they had become a powerful republic. And as Ploybius declared that year was the first year of 'THE ROMAN EMPIRE" so to speak. After that they were willed PERGAMON-133 B.C. CILICIA -123 B.C. GALLICA NARBONISIS 122 B.C. NORTH AFRICA FROM CARTHAGE TO EGYPT BY 80 B.C. MOST OF SPAIN BY 66 B.C. CYPRUS-66 B.C. SYRIA-64B.C. JUDEA-63 B.C. MOST OF GAUL BY 50 B.C. and by the time of Ceasar's death in 44 B.C they had become ripe for the transformation into an official empire. Hope this helps.
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Answer 2

Rome grew more by accident than design, but, If I had to pick a single event, it would be the defeat of Carthage. Greece was conquered fairly easily. Pompey's victories in the East and Caesar's triumphs in Gaul and Egypt, paved the way for later expansion under Augustus and Claudius.