He was not canonized: "ALFRED AND CANONIZATION TODAY
There are a number of reasons why Alfred has not yet been canonized. First of all, Alfred's descendants in tenth-century England were too busy continuing Alfred's work of rebuilding England in most spectacular ways. To some extent, in a worldly way, they eclipsed him, and people tended to forget that Alfred's work was the survival of England and the building of the foundations on which their more spectacular, but actually less substantial, achievements were made. They were not the people to promote their own forebear as a saint.
As regards the Church authorities, it took another fifty years to the mid-tenth century for the Church to start functioning normally and a full monastic revival to take place. The Church in Canterbury had largely been destroyed in the heathen raids and was restored only under Alfred's great-grandson, King Edgar the Peaceful, who was locally revered as a saint. By the time that the Church could have turned her attention to canonizing Alfred, She was then preoccupied by the problems caused by the martyrdom of Alfred's descendant, his great-great-grandson, St Edward, in 979. Then there were the new heathen raids in the early eleventh century and then the last and successful Viking raid, that of 1066.
The Norman invaders had no reason to revere Alfred as a saint, indeed just the opposite. Firstly, he was an English hero, he was one of the enemy. Secondly, he had defeated their cousins, the heathen Danes. The Normans replaced the symbol of English resistance, Alfred, with their fictions on 'King Arthur' and Celtic romanticism, rather than English facts. Thus their descendants even placed a 'King Arthur's Round Table' in King Alfred's Winchester. That French fashion lasted for well over 300 years after 1066.
It was actually the fifteenth century before King Henry VI had the opportunity to ask the Pope of the time, Eugene IV, to canonize King Alfred in 1441. (By that time, in Western Europe only the Pope could canonize, unlike in pre-Conquest England, where any bishop could canonize). Henry VI wrote of Alfred as, 'the first monarch of the famous realm of England … in whom the Lord has deigned to work miracles both in his life and in his death'. Henry's request was turned down for political reasons. Then came the Reformation, and canonization became impossible, because Protestantism does not have saints."
2006-12-26 12:23:28
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answer #2
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answered by sbudda01 1
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ALFRED AND CANONIZATION TODAY
There are a number of reasons why Alfred has not yet been canonized. First of all, Alfred's descendants in tenth-century England were too busy continuing Alfred's work of rebuilding England in most spectacular ways. To some extent, in a worldly way, they eclipsed him, and people tended to forget that Alfred's work was the survival of England and the building of the foundations on which their more spectacular, but actually less substantial, achievements were made. They were not the people to promote their own forebear as a saint.
As regards the Church authorities, it took another fifty years to the mid-tenth century for the Church to start functioning normally and a full monastic revival to take place. The Church in Canterbury had largely been destroyed in the heathen raids and was restored only under Alfred's great-grandson, King Edgar the Peaceful, who was locally revered as a saint. By the time that the Church could have turned her attention to canonizing Alfred, She was then preoccupied by the problems caused by the martyrdom of Alfred's descendant, his great-great-grandson, St Edward, in 979. Then there were the new heathen raids in the early eleventh century and then the last and successful Viking raid, that of 1066.
The Norman invaders had no reason to revere Alfred as a saint, indeed just the opposite. Firstly, he was an English hero, he was one of the enemy. Secondly, he had defeated their cousins, the heathen Danes. The Normans replaced the symbol of English resistance, Alfred, with their fictions on 'King Arthur' and Celtic romanticism, rather than English facts. Thus their descendants even placed a 'King Arthur's Round Table' in King Alfred's Winchester. That French fashion lasted for well over 300 years after 1066.
It was actually the fifteenth century before King Henry VI had the opportunity to ask the Pope of the time, Eugene IV, to canonize King Alfred in 1441. (By that time, in Western Europe only the Pope could canonize, unlike in pre-Conquest England, where any bishop could canonize). Henry VI wrote of Alfred as, 'the first monarch of the famous realm of England … in whom the Lord has deigned to work miracles both in his life and in his death'. Henry's request was turned down for political reasons. Then came the Reformation, and canonization became impossible, because Protestantism does not have saints.
Finally, there is the fact that Alfred had such far-sighted vision that his achievements were not fully appreciated for a very long time. I believe that it is perhaps only now, over eleven centuries on, that we are truly able to appreciate his achievements. This is because it is precisely in the last few decades that his essentially Christian work has started to be undone. For example the abolition of local, shire-based army regiments, the reduction of the navy, changes to the county boundaries in the 1970s, the recent toppling of the supremacy of Common Law, the disintegration of Christianity, the proposed EU regionalization of England and so on.
The fact is that God does not always choose to reveal His saints at once. There are many cases where saints have not been revealed until centuries after their deaths. When folk are not ready for them at a particular time, God reveals them later, when people are able to appreciate them and give them due honour. Such is the case with Alfred. It was only in the sixteenth century that he was given the title 'the Great' - a title which has not been challenged since. The last five hundred years have indeed seen an appreciation of his greatness as a statesman and national leader in all areas. It may be only in the twenty-first century that we are finally fully able to appreciate his spiritual qualities also.
THE REVELATION OF ALFRED AS A SAINT OF GOD
There is much confusion associated with the word 'canonization'. Nobody can canonize or 'make a saint'. God reveals saints to the faithful and then a bishop, locally, or a synod of bishops, regionally, accept the revelation and confirm that the person is a saint. This is called 'canonization', accepting someone as a model (canon) for emulation. In other words, veneration for a figure has to start in hearts and minds first. Only then can a bishop or bishops be concerned. Our hope and aim is to spread the veneration of Alfred the Great as a saint. 'Canonization' is the last step in the process of veneration and revelation.
True, we are hindered in the spread of his veneration by the question of his relics. His remains had been moved from the Old Minster to the New Minster in Winchester in 903 by his son King Edward. But in the twelfth century they were moved again, this time to Hyde Abbey, just outside Winchester. Here Alfred's remains were revered until the Reformation, when the Abbey was destroyed by Henry VIII. In 1788, when workmen were building on the site, they discovered three stone coffins. One of them could have contained the earthly remains of King Alfred. In any case, the remains they uncovered were mixed together, placed in wooden caskets and set above the chancel in Winchester Cathedral. Others deny this possibility and suggest that King Alfred's remains were uncovered in 1863 and then reburied in St Bartholomew's church in Winchester. More recently, an excavation in 1999 concluded that his remains had been lost 'forever'. At least it does seem that King Alfred's earthly remains must be somewhere in Winchester, so at least Alfred's cult could be centred there.
Then there is the question of an icon-portrait (without a halo) being painted and the question of writing a service. All this is why some Christian people wish to establish a small group called 'The Call from Athelney'. It would be a society named after the place from where Alfred, standing alone, brought salvation to Christian England and new hope to all Western Christendom. It would be a society to further the reverence for Alfred the Great as a saint and protector of Christian England. We could only encourage veneration of Alfred the Great as a saint; the final decision of the Church, 'canonization', would clearly not be ours to make. However, among certain Roman Catholics and members of the Orthodox Church, and perhaps others, Alfred is already considered to be a saint.
As regards Alfred's much-respected family, both his wife, Elswith, and his daughter, Ethelgiva, were and are commemorated locally as saints. Indeed, King Alfred stands at the head of a dynasty of seven saints. Apart from his wife and daughter, a grand-daughter, St Edburgh of Winchester, and a grandson's wife, St Elgiva of Shaftesbury, are honoured as saints. Moreover the latter was the mother of St Edgar, who was the father of St Edward the Martyr and St Edith of Wilton.
There is no doubt that with Alfred everything was centred around Faith. Faith came first and last, communion preceded battles, which ended with baptism. His Laws were prefaced by the Ten Commandments and the Golden Rule of Christ. One half of his income was dedicated to God, as was one half of his time. He was filled with the Love of Wisdom, that is, the Love of Christ. As a lover of True Wisdom, he was therefore a true philosopher.
King Alfred's life can be summed up as follows: Firstly, he showed patient goodness and thus overcame his own weaknesses. Secondly, he showed friendship and thus overcame the Danes. Thirdly, he showed faith in good works and thus overcame the indifference of his people. Finally, he showed love of Wisdom, and thus overcame the ignorance of his people. Surely this is greatness.
We believe that if we ask him for his prayers, Saint Alfred, King of England, called the Great, a pilgrim to the 'House of Wisdom', can stem the current paganizing tide in England. He who attacked the decadence, ignorance and materialism of his age can help us do the same in ours. It is no coincidence that those who are anti-Alfred the Great are also anti-Faith and anti-England, for Alfred was the Maker of Christian England. We are not anti-Alfred, anti-Faith or anti-England, because we are Christians and patriots of the land in which we live. Therefore we are for the veneration of St Alfred, Saint and Protector of Christian England.
2006-12-26 20:24:36
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answer #8
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answered by robertcasey49 2
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