can you explain the process of converting heat into electricity?

Answer 1

Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat for electricity generation. It is often referred to as a form of renewable energy, but because the heat at any location can eventually be depleted it technically may not be strictly renewable.

An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is simply an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current flowing through a resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy.

A thermal diode can be

a heat engine which converts a heat difference directly into electric power.
a heat engine working backwards as a refrigerator, usually a Peltier diode.
a sensor device embedded on high power microprocessors used to monitor the temperature of the processor's die.
There are two types. One uses semiconductor, or less efficient metal, thermocouples, working on the principles of the Peltier-Seebeck effect. The other relies on vacuum tubes and the principles of thermionic emission.

there are many more which can do this job..but basing on law of conservation of energy only..

hope this helps

Answer 2

Coal is typically burned to create steam, which is then piped at high pressure over a turbine, causing it to rotate, producing electricity. This steam electric system is a common one also used with other fuel sources, including oil, natural gas, geothermal, biomass, and even some solar-fueled systems.

Answer 3

Use the heat source to convert water to steam, use the steam to drive a turbine, use the turbine to run an electrical generator; and you have electrcity.

The heat source can be any of:
Anything burning (wood, coal, gas, oil, etc.),
Anything naturally hot (geothermal, reflected and concentrated sunlight, etc.),
or a nuclear reactor (fission or fusion(we hope)).