What is the tuning of the guitar, mandolin, violin, viola, cello, and double base?

Question

I know there are some subtlties to tuning, like 440, 441, or 442 A. I'm not asking for subtlties or alternatives. I'm asking for the usualy, ordinary tunings. Please be sure that I can determine which octave the tunings are in.

Also, what are the top and bottom notes on the piano?

Thanks.

I mean to ask for the notes to which each string is tuned, including their octaves. (I Know that 44 is the usual A tuning.)

Answer 1

Don't understand the question.

I can say that mandolins and violins, properly tuned, the strings are tuned to GDAE.


EDIT:

On the mandolin and violin, the thickest string is tuned to G. The next one up to D, the next one up to A, the next one up to E. Sorry, I just wanted to clafiry, just in case. I am not knowledgeable enough to give you the octave to which they are tuned, but I can give you a technique for tuning the mandolin/violin:

If you have a pitch pipe or other instrument which you can use to play the note perfectly, here goes:
play the pitch pipe/other instrument a G note.
Tune the thickest string to that tone. You can probably use common sense to determint how tight is too tight for the string, and this will help you to determine which octave you should be in.
Now, press your finger to the seventh fret of the thickest string, and play the note. That is the note and octave that you want to tune the next string to.
When you tune the next string, press your finger against the seventh fret and play it. Tune the next string to that note and octave. Repeat until you have tuned all strings.

Answer 2

Standard tuning is done to a 440Hz "A" Frequency. Your phone's idle while your dialing a number is that frequency exactly.

Pianos usually start with A and end with C