Facial muscles used the most for (smiling or frowning)?

Answer 1

..you use more to frown...ergo more wrinkles...so SMILE...have fun...it's christmas...make someone happy...i hope i do..xxx

Answer 2

Frowning requires more muscles; therefore, frowning produces more wrinkles over time than smiles.

Answer 3

you use more facial muscles for frowning than smiling.

Answer 4

Welcome to Muscle Beach

Most of the academic research on facial animation has not approached the problem from a viseme basis. This is due to a fundamental drawback to the viseme frame based approach. In the viseme-based system, every source frame of animation is completely specified. While I can specify the amount each frame contributes to the final model, I cannot create new source models dynamically. Say, for example, I want to allow the character to raise one eyebrow. With the frames I have described so far, this would not be possible. In order to accomplish this goal, I would need to create individual morph targets with each eyebrow raised individually. Since a viseme can incorporate a combination of many facial actions, isolating these actions can lead to an explosive need for source meshes. You may find yourself breaking these targets into isolated regions of the face.


Figure 3. The zygomaticus major muscle will put a
smile on your face.
For this reason, researchers such as Frederic Parke and Keith Waters began examining how the face actually works biologically. By examining the muscle structure underneath the skin, a parametric representation of the face became possible. In fact, psychologists Paul Ekman and Wallice Friesden developed a system to determine emotional state based on the measurement of individual muscle groups as “action units.” Their system, called Facial Action Coding System (FACS), describes 50 of these action units that can create thousands of facial expressions. By creating a facial model that is controlled via these action units, Waters was able to simulate the effect that changes in the action units reveal on the skin.

While I’m not sure if artists are ready to start creating parametric models controlled by virtual muscles, there are definitely some lessons to be learned here. With this system, it’s possible to describe any facial expression using these 50 parameters. It also completely avoids the additive morph problem I ran into with the viseme system. Once a muscle is completely contracted, it cannot contract any further. This limits the expression to ones that are at least physically possible.

Artist-Driven Muscle-Based Facial Animation

Animation tools are not really developed to a point where artists can place virtual muscles and attach them to a model. This would require a serious custom application that the artists may be reluctant even to use. However, that doesn’t mean that these methods are not available for game production. It just requires a different way of thinking about modeling.

For instance, let me take a look at creating a simple smile. Biologically, I smile by contracting the zygomaticus major muscle on each side of my face. This muscle connects the outside of the zygomatic bone to the corner of the mouth as shown in Figure 3. Contract one muscle and half a smile is born.


Figure 4. Pucker up:
Incisivus labii at work.
O.K. Mr. Science, what does that have to do with modeling? Well, this muscle contracts in a linear fashion. Take a neutral mouth and deform it as you would when the left zygomaticus major is contracted. This mesh can be used to create a delta table for all vertices that change. Repeat this process for all the muscles you wish to simulate and you have all the data you need to start making faces. You will find that you probably don’t need all 50 muscle groups described in the FACS system. Particularly if your model has a low polygon count, this will be overkill. The point is to create the muscle frames necessary to create all the visemes and emotions you will need, plus any additional flexibility you want. You will probably want to add some eye blinks, perhaps some eye shifts, and tongue movement to make the simulation more realistic.

The FACS system is a scientifically-based general modeling system. It does not consider the individual features of a particular model. By allowing the modeler to deform the mesh for the muscles instead of using this algorithmic system, I am giving up general flexibility over a variety of meshes. However, I gain creative control by allowing for exaggeration as well as artistic judgement.

The downside is that it is now much harder to describe to the artists what it is you need. You need to purchase some sort of anatomy book (see my suggestions at the end of the column) and figure out exactly what you want to achieve. Your artists are going to resist. You had this nice list of 13 visemes and now you are creating more work. They don’t know what an incisivius labii is and don’t want to. You can explain that it is what makes Lara pucker up and they won’t care. You will have to win the staff over by showing the creative possibilities for character expression that are now available. They probably still won’t care, so get the producer to force them to do it. I have created a sample muscle set in Chart 1. This will give you some groups from which to pick.


Chart 1. The basic muscle groups involved in facial animation.

Answer 5

it takes less muscles to smile than it does to frown.

Answer 6

You use more muscles when frowning. Frowning also causes wrinkles.

Answer 7

it takes 13 muscles to smile and 36 to frown

EDIT

maybe those numbers arent right

An excerpt:

"Everyone has heard it a different way, and everyone passes along the version they've heard as rock-solid certainty, presenting same as an indisputable fact of science. Here is a quick sampling of some of ways this saying has been framed, as gleaned from a variety of news articles on any number of topics, including sports, music, and health:

One deep-fried-Zen adage advises: "It takes 13 muscles to smile and 33 to frown. Why overwork?" (Washington Post, 5 Dec. 1982)

"You know the old adage that it only takes 10 muscles to smile but it takes 100 to frown," she said. (New York Times, 19 April 1987)

According to doctors we use only four muscles to smile, but when we frown we use 64 muscles ? 16 times more. (The Hindu, 11 March 2000)

It's easier to smile than to frown. A smile uses 17 muscles, a frown, 43. (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 24 Feb. 1997)

Right there, you commit to selling to all employees ? at cost, not a nickel of markup ? company T-shirts that say, "It only takes one muscle to smile and 37 muscles to frown."
(St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 April 1995)

Don't they know it is said you use 35 muscles to frown and four to smile? Why tire yourself?
([Queensland] Sunday Mail, 18 Aug. 1991)

Sonny Smith, Auburn's basketball coach, on his dour counterpart at the University of Alabama: "It takes 15 muscles to smile and 65 muscles to frown. This leads me to believe Wimp Sanderson is suffering from muscle fatigue." (New York Times, 16 Dec. 1986)"

"The saying's age is not its only mystery; there's no real agreement as to how many muscles have to be worked in the face to produce a smile or a frown. And,given that even what constitutes a smile is up for grabs (some avow the muscles around the eyes get involved; others discount that and look only to those necessary to lift the corners of the mouth), it's possible this is one of those questions for which there will never be a definitive answer. Yet whatever medical science ultimately decides about how many angels are dancing on the head of this particular pin, we would say the resultant numbers would be immaterial because it's the homily's underlying message that matters, not the raw facts of it.

The maxim has been handed from generation to generation because of its enduring value as implied advice rather than its being an authoritative tally of a parts list. More simply, the lore lives because of what it says about people, not their anatomy, so to get lost in the bean-counting aspect of it would be at the expense of losing sight of its far more important component."

So, there's your answer - there's no definitive number.


either way, it takes more muscles to frown!!

Answer 8

Frowning..so smile peeps!

Answer 9

most used for frowning

Answer 10

frowing uses the most facial muscles (52 apparently) whereas smiling only takes up 23.

Answer 11

more muscles are used for frowning!