Can you give me short explanation for quarks?

Answer 1

Quarks were first postulated to try to explain why the neutron, having no electric charge, exhibited an intrinsic magnetic moment. Quarks are quantum-mechanical fundimental particles which make up all baryons and mesons (yes, they do make up all mesons - ask Yukawa).

Unlike leptons, they can have charges of +1/3, +2/3, -1/3 or -2/3. They also poses other quantum numbers besides charge and spin, which have been labeled isospin, parity and colour.

Quarks are fermions, so two quarks can no occupy the same quantum state.

Here is a quick summary of quantum numbers of quarks:

Charge: 4 values
Spin: 2 values
Isospin: 2 values
Parity: 2 values
Colour: 6 values

This means that 192 different configurations of quarks are possible. When considered independantly, there are only six:

Up, down, top, bottom, strange and charmed. These names refer to quantum values associated with protons, neutrons and other baryons.

Quarks interact with each other by the strong nuclear force which is exchanged with the gluon boson. Gluons are unique to other bosons because they themselves poses this colour quantum number and, therefore, exchange gluons with themselves. This means that the greater the distance between two quarks, the stronger the gluon field. This is why quarks can not exist on their own.

Anyway, neutrons can have no net electrical charge but, due to the quarks in its structure having charge, a net magnetic moment is possible.

Answer 2

any of a group of subatomic particles believed to be among the fundamental constituents of matter. In much the same way that protons and neutrons make up atomic nuclei, these particles themselves are thought to consist of quarks. Quarks constitute all hadrons ( baryons and mesons)—i.e., all particles that interact by means of the strong force, the force that binds the components of the nucleus.

According to prevailing theory, quarks have mass and exhibit a spin (i.e., type of intrinsic angular momentum corresponding to arotation around an axis through the particle) equal to one-half the basic quantum mechanical unit of angular momentum. The latter property implies that they obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two particles having half-integral spin can exist in exactly the same quantum state. Quarks appear to be truly fundamental. They have no apparent structure; that is, they cannot be resolved into something smaller. Quarks always seem to occur in combination with otherquarks or antiquarks, never alone. For years physicists have attempted to knock a quark out of a baryon in experiments with particle accelerators to observe it in a free state but have not yet succeeded in doing so.

Answer 3

You take a proton and smash it in to a wall, quarks run out.

A quark is a fundamental particle which possesses both electric charge and 'strong' charge. They combine in groups of two or three to form composite objects (called mesons and baryons, respectively), held together by the strong force. Protons and neutrons are familiar examples of such composite objects -- both are made up of three quarks.

The quarks come in six different species (physicists call them 'flavors'), each of which have a unique mass. The two lightest, unimaginatively called 'up' and 'down' quarks, combine to form protons and neutrons. The heavier quarks aren't found in nature and have so far only been observed in particle accelerators.

How do we know they exist? At first many physicists felt they were no more than fictitious entities invented to make certain particle physics calculations easier (legend has it that Murray Gell-Mann took the name from a word in James Joyce's 'Finnegan's Wake').

Answer 4

In physics, the elementary particles that make up the protons and neutrons that in turn make up the atomic nucleus. Quarks are the most basic known constituent of matter.

No quarks have been seen in the laboratory because, according to current theory, they cannot exist as free particles..

Answer 5

quarks are recently found sub-atomic particle. it was founded by gulleman. it carries a fractional positive charge.

Answer 6

Try this out -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark