do the Samurai adhere to a specific calendar?

Answer 1

Samurai was a term for the military nobility in pre-industrial Japan. The word 'samurai' is derived from the archaic Japanese verb 'samorau', changed to 'saburau' , meaning 'to serve'; a samurai is the servant of a lord.

Originally these warriors were merely mercenaries in the employ of the emperor and noble clans, but slowly they gathered enough power to usurp the aristocracy and establish the first samurai-dominated government.

With that said I would imagine they followed the same calendar as their emperor -

Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian Calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays. Before 1873 a lunisolar calendar was in use, which was adapted from the Chinese calendar. You can read more here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calendar