What is HYBRIDISATION???????

Question

IN CHEM.............

Answer 1

hybridisation is the even distribution of electrons between its orbital

for example, carbon, its electronic configuration is by right 3S^2 3P^2...leaving a empty orbital in 3P...after hybridisation, a more stable compund is formed with electronic configuration 3S^1 3P^3, with one electron in each obital.

Answer 2

In chemistry, hybridisation is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. Hybridised orbitals are very useful in the explanation of the shape of molecular orbitals for molecules. It is an integral part of valence bond theory and the valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

The hybridisation theory was promoted by chemist Linus Pauling[3] in order to explain the structure of molecules such as methane (CH4). Historically, this concept was developed for such simple chemical systems but the approach was later applied more widely, and today it is considered an effective heuristic for rationalizing the structures of organic compounds.

Hybridization theory is, however, considered less useful and less informative than Molecular Orbital Theory. Problems with hybridization are especially notable when the d orbitals are involved in bonding, as in coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry. Although hybridisation schemes in transition metal chemistry can be used, they are not accurate and have little predictive power.

It is important to note that orbitals are a model representation of the behavior of electrons within molecules. In the case of simple hybridisation, this approximation is based on the atomic orbitals of hydrogen. Hybridised orbitals are assumed to be mixtures of these atomic orbitals, superimposed on each other in various proportions. Hydrogen orbitals are used as a basis for simple schemes of hybridisation because it is one of the few examples of orbitals for which an exact analytic solution to its Schrödinger equation is known. These orbitals are then assumed to be slightly, but not significantly distorted in heavier atoms, like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Under these assumptions is the theory of hybridisation most applicable. It must be noted, that one does not need hybridisation to describe molecules, but for molecules made up from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (and to a lesser extent, sulphur and phosphorus) the hybridisation theory/model makes the description much easier.

The hybridisation theory finds its use mainly in organic chemistry, and mostly concerns C, N and O (and to a lesser extent P and S). Its explanation starts with the way bonding is organized in methane.

Answer 3

When a molecule becomes hybridized it must have orbitals for all of the valence electrons that are present on the central atom of the molecule. Iodine, I, has 7 valence electrons (e^-) Fluorine, F, has 7 valence e^- Total electrons = 1 x 7 + 5 x 7 = 42 total e^- that must be placed in hybrid orbitals. - Each F atom has 3 pairs of nonbonding; e^- = 30 e^- - The F atoms on IF5 have 5 bonding pairs; of e^- = 10 e^- - One nonbonding pair of e^- resides on the central I atom; = 2 e^- - This gives a total of 42 e^- - 30 of the total number of electrons are present as nonbonding electrons. - That leaves 12 e^-'s or 6 e^- pairs that are associated with the central I atom. - The 6 e^- pairs that reside on the I atom must be in separate orbitals because each orbital can hold only 2 e^-'s. ==>>The only correct choice is e) which is sp^3d^2 <<== - 4 orbitals involve the sp^3 part and 2 orbitals involve the d^2 part. That's 6 orbitals around the central I atom. According to VSEPR theory this molecule has the general form AB5E, where A represents the central atom, B represents the F atoms, and E represents the nonbonding pair of electrons on the Central I atom. The molecular shape is that of a square pyramid. Hope this is helpful.

Answer 4

hybridisation is defined as the mixing of the atomic orbitals belonging to the same atom but having slightly different energies so that a redistribution of energy takes place between them resulting in the formation of new orbitals of equal energies and identical shapes. the new orbits thus formed are known as hybrid orbitals.

Answer 5

Hybridization is the rearranging of orbitals in the carbon atom to form new orbitals that can facilitate reactions that don't happen normally. One example is the molecule methane, CH4. Carbon is usually expressed as 1s2, 2s2, 2p2 in electron configuration. This configuration shows two electrons without a pair and an empty slot needing a pair of electrons. Hybridization changes the electron config of Carbon to 1s1, 2s1, 2px1, 2py1, 2pz1 or 1s1, 2s1, 2p3. In this new config, Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons which explains the four Hydrogen atoms bonded to Carbon at each of its unpaired electrons.

Answer 6

the DNA molecule is composed of two strands. These two strands are connected by hydrogen bonds, and together form the well-known double helix structure. When a solution containing DNA is heated, these hydrogen bonds disappear, and the two strands drift apart. This single-stranded DNA is called denatured DNA (or, surprisingly enough single-stranded DNA). When the solution is cooled, hydrogen bonds form between matching bases in the strands. These bonds are formed in places where a match (or at least a partial match) exists. If these bonds begin to form in corresponding parts of two strands, they will quickly completely join and the double-helix will reappear. However, this is not guaranteed to happen. Bonds can form even between strands of different DNA molecules or strands of different length. Consider a heated solution of some target DNA molecule. Let us take short single-stranded chains of nucleotides, called oligonucleotides (or oligos for short), that we have synthesized and add them to the solution. Each oligo is a known nucleotide sequence between 10 and 12 bases long. Now, when the solution is cooled, the oligos will stick to parts of the target which contain a DNA sequence complementary to that of the oligo. The resulting composition is called hybrid DNA. Each oligo thus probes for the presence of its complementary sequence, and indeed oligos are called probes

Answer 7

take a measure of one thing and add it with a measure of something else and you have another ...a hybrid.
Like different strains of tomato's, or rice. Hybridization was explored for it's ability to produce a better or more stable product.
Farmers needed to preserve their produce to protect their income, so they started working on insect repellents that could be integrated into the food naturally and tougher skins on a tomato, etc.
The Government has been in hot water on that for a long time, because finding a solution to world hunger isn't easy.
Flower growers (Huge market) have been doing that for years.

Answer 8

In chemistry, orbital hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding.

for more details click below link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization

Answer 9

hybridization is when two different orbitals come together to form orbitals that are new shapes orbitals. for ex. an s orbital (looks like: O), combines with 3 p orbitals (looks like: oo), forming a new shape (looks like: Oo). this is called a sp3 orbital.

Answer 10

well depending on bonding a given atom's orbitals mix together to form the bonds. this determines it's reactivity, and other properties