In DNA, what is the difference between replication and transcription?

Question

In DNA, what is the difference between replication and transcription?

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Answer 1

Simple:

In replication, DNA makes more DNA strands.

In transcription, DNA makes mRNA, messenger RNA, strands.

Answer 2

The main difference is what is made: in replication DNA is made and in transcription RNA is made. During the process of replication, an enzyme called helicase binds to DNA and begins unwinding the DNA, then two copies of another enzyme, called DNA polymerase, bind to the two exposed strands and they each start making a complementary strand of DNA from their respective template. The entire lengths of both DNA strands are copied, thus producing 2 complete DNA double helices from the original 1. During the process of transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a gene's promoter, then begins unwinding the DNA and making a complementary strand of RNA from the exposed DNA template. Only one strand of DNA is copied, and only a short segment (1 gene's worth in eukaryotes) of it is copied. Depending on the gene being transcribed, the result can be a molecule of mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), or rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Answer 3

Following replication (copy of DNA to DNA), during mitotic or meiotic division the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins (genetic code encrypted according to the sequence of nitrogenous bases within DNA) is transfered from the mother cell to the daughter cell.
The protein synthesis occurs by means of transcrition (in the nucleus: production of RNA with nitrogenous bases that are complementary to one of the DNA strands) and translation (in polyribosomes and the rough endoplasmatic reticulum both located in the cytoplasm: translation from RNA codes to specific chains of aminoacids, i.e. polypeptide, the precursors of proteins). Proteins are involved in all vital functions in cells, including enzymatic catalyzation, transport, storage, movement, support, signaling,defence and control.


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