ap european history help?

Question

1. on the eve of the american revolution, the average standard of living in the british colonies was
a. much lower than that of britain
b. about the same as britain's
c. highest in the world
d. falling as a result of navigation acts

2. by the 1770s, the bulk of british foreign trade was with
a. france
b. colonial empire
c. africa and the middle east
d. european continent

3. according to adam smith, harmony and progress would result from
a. laws to regulate economic behavior
b. application of science to farming
c. government's maintenance of civil order and public works
d. the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market

3. the reading material of the common people tended to
a. be enlightenment works
b. criticize the existing social order
c. be works that reinforced traditional values
d. avoid practical subjects

4. catalyst for promotion of popular literacy was the
a. protestant and catholic reformations
b. scientific revolution
c. economic expansion of europe
d. enlightenment

Answer 1

Whew! That's a pretty tall order, but let me plug into my memory bank and see what comes up.

To your first question, I'd choose D as the answer. The American colonists were used to the "salutary neglect" that Britain had, for the most part, shown them. They were pretty much left to their own devices and had come to like it; when Britain wanted them to take up some of the tax burden to defray the expenses of the French and Indian War, the colonists were a bit disgruntled because they had no seats in Parliament and so no say in how this money they were being asked for would be spent. The Navigation Acts were, in the eyes of the colonists, another attempt by Britain to control them.

For Qestion 2, I'd answer B. By essentially forbidding the colonies to trade with other nations, Britain ensured itself of a steady stream of raw materials and a ready-made market for its products.

Since Adam Smith can be called the father of capitalism, I believe he would have supported the idea of a free-market economy, in which everyone brings his ideas and inventions to the marketplace and the consumers choose those which are best--the beginnings of the "build a better mousetrap" idea. That takes care of Question 3, with D as the choice.

4. I'd go with C. Most of those in power were quite interested in maintaining the status quo. This is pretty much true in every time and place--those who have the power like having it, and will often try to sway the public in such a way to be certain of keeping their positions.

As for Question 5, all of the above played a role. The Protestant Reformation promoted literacy because the reformers felt that people needed to b able to read the Bible for themselves, and the Counter Reformation in the Catholic Church saw the need for a literate laity as well. The Scientific Revolution made the serious study of scientific subjects a fashionable hobby, and this was largely taken up by the middle classes who were involved in the growth of trade in Europe. Many had made their fortunes in trade, and had the leisure to follow scientific pursuits. Of course, the Enlightenment came up with such things as Diderot's Encyclopedie, and the educational theories of Rousseau, so I really feel there should have been a fifth choice, that of "All of the above."

Hope this is some help.

Answer 2

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