the passage of the sixteenth admendment?

Question

i need help on finding what lead to the 16th and 17th admendment
and how it became.

Answer 1

16th Amendment---The ratification of this Amendment was the direct consequence of the Court's decision in 1895 in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 1 whereby the attempt of Congress the previous year to tax incomes uniformly throughout the United States 2 was held by a divided court to be unconstitutional. A tax on incomes derived from property, 3 the Court declared, was a ''direct tax'' which Congress under the terms of Article I, Sec. 2, and Sec. 9, could impose only by the rule of apportionment according to population, although scarcely fifteen years prior the Justices had unanimously sustained 4 the collection of a similar tax during the Civil War, 5 the only other occasion preceding the Sixteenth Amendment in which Congress had ventured to utilize this method of raising revenue. 6

17th Amendment---The ratification of this Amendment was the outcome of increasing popular dissatisfaction with the operation of the originally established method of electing Senators. As the franchise became exercisable by greater numbers of people, the belief became widespread that Senators ought to be popularly elected in the same manner as Representatives.

Answer 2

In 1913 the 16th Amendment was passed by more than a 2/3 majority of Congress (who initiated it in the first place) after Secretary of State Philander Knox fraudulently announced ratification by 2/3 of the states. Later investigations proved less than 1/3 of the state legislatures had in fact ratified the amendment (Google "The Law that Never Was"). Shortly thereafter (1916) the U.S. Supreme Court knocked down the basic intent of the 16th, but the decision was swept under the rug by congress who allowed it to (illegally) stand as it still does today. The 16th Amendment is the one upon which Congress relies to "legalize" the Federal Income Tax, a direct tax on wages, which Article I sec's I and 8 forbids. This conflict has been swept under the rug by both the Congress and the Supreme Court, both placing the responsibility on the other for correcting the fraudulent situation.

Answer 3

It is in most US history books. You just need to read the chapter.