Amenorrhoea means the absence of the menstrual period. Apart from during childhood, pregnancy, breastfeeding or menopause, the absence of the menstrual period may indicate a problem with the reproductive system. One of the most common causes of amenorrhoea is hormonal disturbance. The interplay of female sex hormones can be disrupted by a wide range of events, including diseases of the reproductive organs, weight loss, emotional stress or overexercising. Frequently, there is no worrying cause found.
Primary and secondary amenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea is divided into two categories:
Primary amenorrhoea - menstruation hasn't begun by 14 years of age and the young woman shows no secondary sexual characteristics (such as developing breasts and pubic hair), or menstruation hasn't begun by 16 years of age, even though the young woman has secondary sexual characteristics.
Secondary amenorrhoea - established menstruation has ceased for six months or for a length of time equivalent to a total of at least three of the previous cycle intervals.
The menstrual cycle
The hypothalamus and pituitary glands in the brain interact with each other to control the menstrual cycle. The pituitary gland produces chemicals that stimulate the ovaries to produce the two female sex hormones - oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones thicken the lining of the womb (uterus) to prepare for a possible pregnancy. When pregnancy doesn't occur, hormone levels drop and the lining of the womb falls away. This is called a period, or menstruation. The cycle then repeats. Disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland or ovaries can disrupt menstruation and bring about amenorrhoea.
Disorders of the hypothalamus
A variety of factors can cause the hypothalamus to malfunction and trigger amenorrhoea, including:
Emotional stress
Weight loss
Excessive physical exercise
Some antipsychotic medications (major tranquillisers)
Disorders of the endocrine system, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland).
Some women are particularly susceptible to amenorrhoea caused by stress and weight loss.
Other disorders
Other disorders that can cause amenorrhoea include:
Polycystic ovary syndrome - the ovaries develop clusters of blister-like cysts. Associated symptoms include irregular periods and hirsutism (excessive hairiness).
Hyperandrogenaemia - the reproductive system is influenced by high levels of male sex hormones. This can be caused by ovarian or adrenal tumours, or certain congenital disorders.
Hyperprolactinaemia - an increase of the hormone prolactin caused by overactivity of, or a tumour on, the pituitary gland.
Ovarian failure - or early menopause. Insufficient oestrogen levels cause ovulation to fail, which stops the menstrual cycle.
Abnormalities of the vagina - such as a sealed hymen, which prevents the menstrual blood from leaving the vagina. This is a rare condition and symptoms include abdominal distension and delayed start to periods and cyclical abdominal pain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing the cause of amenorrhoea depends on a number of tests, including:
Pregnancy tests - either urine or blood tests.
Physical examination - to determine overall health and the presence of secondary sexual characteristics.
Medical history - including gynaecological history and contraceptive methods.
Hormone tests - to check the functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries.
Other scans - including CT scans and ultrasounds of the reproductive system.
Treatment options
Treatment for amenorrhoea depends on the cause. If extreme weight loss and excessive exercise are to blame, then treatment will focus on encouraging the woman to maintain a healthier body weight. Other treatment options may include managing the underlying disorder or using hormone replacement therapy (such as the combined oral contraceptive pill) to boost natural hormone levels.
2006-12-07 15:34:59
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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Hello! - Ask your doctor about endometriosis. One of the symptoms is irregular periods. I started on the birth control pill when I was 20 just because of irregular periods and stayed on them consistantly. Then about 8 years later I got laid off from my job and lost my insurance so I stopped taking my pills and that's when I started having irregular periods again, pain, etc. Turned out I had(have) endometriosis, but I suffered for almost 3 years before I found out I had it, and it was all because I went off the pill. I never knew any of this when I was your age. I just took the pills to keep my periods regular. The pills kept my endo under control for all those years and I didn't even know it. I'm am not telling you all this to scare you by any means - just bring it(endometriosis) up to your doctor. A lot of women have endometriosis and don't know it. Type in 'Endometriosis' on a search engine if you want to find out more info and see if you have any more symptoms. If you do have it, it's something you can get under control now. I tell you from my own experience - if you know about it early, take care of it as soon as you can. Because it took me so long to find a Dr. that would work with me, I had to go through a lot to get me back to 'normal'. To make the long story short - I'm now back on birth control pills to keep my periods regular so my hormones stay balanced. I am just speaking from my own personal experience - pregnancy is obviously ruled out since you've had 2 blood tests. It could be stress(as I read in another answer), over exercising, severe calorie reduction, or a number of things (I'm not judging - I don't know the specifics of your lifestyle, these are just some things that came to mind). I wish you well and hope my advice was somewhat useful to you. Take Care!!
2006-12-07 17:43:08
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answer #2
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answered by qbert 2
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Well first off breathe! Stress does crazy things to our bodies and processes. So worring about it even more- isn't helping.
Number one are you on birth control? And number two is there a possibility the condom broke?
If you're not on birth control and you think it's possible it could have torn- i would probably recommend seeing your gyno/ doctor. they can run a blood test to test for pregnancy which is more accurate then those darn over the counter thingys.
It could probably be nothing- just stress or something new going on in your life. But if it's not qoute "normal" for you to be late- something's up and it needs to be figured out.
Good Luck
2006-12-07 15:03:25
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answer #3
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answered by answers4questions 4
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testing can be wrong. go to planned parent hood and get it done and you can give a small donation. you havent lost lots of weight or excercised all your body fat away have you? this will cause lack of a period. are your breasts sore and are you feeling sick at all or do the smell of some foods make u queezy? are you extremely tired? If you have any of these u may just be going to get a little surprise package. get a good test from planned parenthood or your doctor cause if you are pregnant you need prenatel care and vitaminssince u are going on missing no. 3 period. if u are pregnant u should be having some of these signs. good luck
2006-12-07 14:58:15
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answer #4
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answered by petloverlady 3
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Hi there! check with the doctor right away. Dysmenorrhea is common in your age. There are alot of other reasons apart from getting pregnant that might make you miss your period!
worrying takes you nowhere. so you might fix an appointment with the doc asap
2006-12-07 15:47:44
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answer #5
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answered by anita 2
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Making dietary changes is your first line of defense in treating hypothyroidism. Learn here https://tr.im/xDAyn
Many people with hypothyroidism experience crippling fatigue and brain fog, which prompts reaching for non-nutritional forms of energy like sugar and caffeine. I’ve dubbed these rascals the terrible twosome, as they can burn out your thyroid (and destabilize blood sugar).
1. Just say no to the dietary bungee cord. Greatly reduce or eliminate caffeine and sugar, including refined carbohydrates like flour, which the body treats like sugar. Make grain-based carbohydrates lesser of a focus, eating non-starchy vegetables to your heart’s content.
2. Up the protein. Protein transports thyroid hormone to all your tissues and enjoying it at each meal can help normalize thyroid function. Proteins include nuts and nut butters; quinoa; hormone- and antibiotic-free animal products (organic, grass-fed meats, eggs, and sustainably-farmed fish); and legumes.
2016-04-22 03:25:47
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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Stress can affect your periods as well as an increase or decrease in physical actvity. If you're really concerned see your doctor.
2006-12-07 14:51:46
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answer #7
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answered by bagem 2
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u should talk to ur doctor
2006-12-07 15:17:42
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answer #8
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answered by ♥ Jessy ♥ 2
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