Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was the astronomer who provided the first modern formulation of a heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the solar system, in his epochal book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres).
Copernicus was one of the great polymaths of the Renaissance. He was a mathematician, astronomer, jurist, physician, classical scholar, Catholic cleric, governor, administrator, diplomat, economist and soldier.
Amid his extensive responsibilities, Copernicus treated astronomy as an avocation. That notwithstanding, his formulation of how the sun rather than the earth is at the center of the solar system is considered one of the most important landmarks in the history of science. It forms the starting point of modern astronomy and, in turn, of modern science.
2006-12-07 08:51:30
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answer #1
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answered by DanE 7
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Copernicus (1473-1543) was a churchman in Poland. In particular, he was a canon, or a member of the cathedral staff of a city in Poland. He conceived an explanation of the observed movements of the moon and planets and "fixed stars" by supposing that the moon revolved in a circle about the earth, and the planets and the earth revolved in circular orbits about the sun.
He backed up his idea by publishing tables of positions of planets as they should be seen in the sky according to certain math coordinates. This was valuable, because ships could gauge their position at sea not only by the sun but also by observing planets at night.
Previously, the view was that the Earth was the center, and that the sun and planets and the moon revolved about the earth. This view was backed up in ancient times by a Hellenistic thinker Ptolemy, who also published tables of data to describe the positions of the planets at certain times.
The chief difference was "epicycles." Ptolemy could not make circular orbits of the planets and sun around the Earth work. So Ptolemy said that there were "circles within circles." The sun and the planets not only went in one great circle around the Earth, but they traveled in circles inside that circle. Then he made them go in circles inside those circles. Finally, Ptolemy made everything work out.
Copernicus also had to use epicycles to get his sun-centered theory to work. But in the age of Copernicus, everyone realized that Copernicus used fewer epicycles to get the math and the tables right. Fewer is better, they thought. And so the sun-centered theory of Copernicus was accepted.
A hundred years later, Johannes Kepler solved the problem. The orbits are not circular: They are elliptical! Now all tables of data agree, and there are no more epicycles LOL
2006-12-07 17:14:49
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answer #2
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answered by steve_geo1 7
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The first two nailed it. :)
I just wrote an essay on the Scientific Revolution and its impact on political theory (got an A).
Copernicus is the man!
2006-12-07 16:59:15
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answer #3
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answered by Edward 5
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He was an astronomer. He was the first to come up with a (modern) formulation for a sun-centered or heliocentric solar system.
2006-12-07 16:53:56
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answer #4
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answered by lostandfound 1
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he came up with the heliocentric model. where all the planets and stuff orbit the sun. at the time his idea was thought ridiculous and he was sentenced to house arrest. really!
2006-12-07 17:06:46
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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The wikipedia reference will tell you more than you want to know....
EXCEPT that his name is spelled several different ways depending on.......?
Modern: Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish: Mikolaj Kopernik
The cover of his famous work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium : Nicolai Copernicito.
Who's covering up? Will the REAL N.C. please identify himself?!!!!!
2006-12-07 17:12:16
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answer #6
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answered by Steve 7
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