what are the methods in separating mixture?

Answer 1

Well, there are several, some depends on the mixture, while others simply depend on u.

Decanting:
This is the quickest way in separating mixtures that are 'not-very-mixed', e.g. stone in water, sand in water etc. It simply uses a glass rod to guide the water to another beaker. This method is quick, but not efficient.

Filtration:
The concept of filtration is similar to that of the above, but now with the help of a filter paper and filter funnel. It may differ of course in industries. Another alternative is to use the Buchner funnel, where the set-up is connected to a vaccuum pipe, so the filtration is faster. Compared to decanting, its far more efficient, but slower.

Chromatography:
This method can be used to separate 2 or more dyes mixed together. It works on the concept that different dyes hv different solubility in solvents, and so travel different distances on the chromatography paper. Check out how the apparatus is set-up and u should have a better idea. One thing to note is that since some dyes are invisible, chromatograms are sometimes sprayed with certain agents like ninhydrin to make them visible.

Separation funnel:
This is a funnel with a tap, a pretty special one, used to separate liquids that are immiscible (i.e do not mix). To obtain pure samples of each liquid, the tap is opened to allow most of the liquid at the bottom into a beaker. The middle where the liquids mix, which is usually impure, is discarded. The rest will be the pure sample of the other liquid.

Centrifuge:
This method is used to separate very fine particles in a mixture like say, blood. Its a machine which revolves at high speed, and the particles are pushed to the end of the containing tubes. It is commonly used to separate blood into its constituents, e.g plasma, red blood cells etc.

Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation:
For this method, it works on the concept that pure substances have 1 definite and unique boiling point. In both methods, the mixture of different liquids are heated. The liquid with the smallest boiling point will boil and distill over first, where it will then be condensed back into its liquid state in a lie-big condenser, and collected at the outlet. For fractional distillation, it separates more than 2 liquids, and hence requires a fractionating column to condense liquids that vapourise before reaching their boiling points. This method is also very widely used in the separation of petroleum.

Evaporation to dryness:
This is simple, used to separate solutions formed by a solid, that is stable to heat, which dissolves in a solvent. e.g. salt solution.

Hope this helps=)

Answer 2

test: to split a mixture of Sand, Iron Powder and Salt: chemicals: a mixture of sand, iron powder and salt, water and so on equipment: Beaker, funnel, tripod, filter out paper, glass rod, Bunsen burner, gauze mat. magnet bar and so on technique: one million). Take the mixture on paper and use the magnet bar to charm to the iron fillings or powders via this u will separate iron. 2). Take some water in a beaker and dissolve the mixture. Salt will dissolve and sand will stay as this is. 3). in high-quality condition filter out paper in filter out funnel and set it on tripod. filter out the above mixture (answer) in a beaker via filter out paper and funnel. The salt will pass down in the beaker with water on an identical time as sand will stay on the filter out paper. So via this form u will separate sand. 4). Now set gauze mat on tripod. pass the filtrate (salt +water) in the evaporating basin or china dish. shop it on tripod, warmth it via Bunsen burner, stirrer continuously and slowly via glass rod till the water evaporate thoroughly. Salt will stay in the dish. result: the three factors of the mixture have been separated via this actual approach

Answer 3

1) filtration
2) evaporation
3) distillation