What are three elements that can have more than 8 valence electrons when bonding?

Question

I need to know which 3 elements (other than Sulfur and Phosphorus) can break the Octet Rule by expanding their outer shells to accomodate more than 8 valence electrons when they bond with other atoms. Thank you! =)

Answer 1

No, not fluorine. Pick elements in the third period or below, and you should be set. Xenon forms hexavalent compounds, iodine goes beyond the octet in at least a couple compounds I've seen, and transition metals like copper don't at all abide by the octet rule.

Answer 2

Whoah, it's not always 8. Think about hydrogen, it's 2. And for heavier elements with d orbitals, it tends to be greater than 8. But the levels of orbitals are like this, you've probably seen: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 (etc) And then you go diagonally top-right to bottom-left. (1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, etc...) Depending on the type of atom, you pick the orbitals until you run out of electrons. Say carbon is atommic#6, with 6 electrons. so 1s2 is in the 1st shell. So then, 2s2 2p2, gives the remaining 4 electrons in C's 6. But, wouldn't it be nice if there were 4 more electrons to complete the shell, and thus make it stable. THAT is why C exists with 4 bonds. Each bond has 2 electrons, 1 of each is shared with C. That gives 4 electrons to complete the valence 8 shell of level 2: 2s2 2p6. (these of course hybridize). And as I said, as you go to heavier elements, the valence increases because now you have d orbitals which need more electrons to complete the valence shell.

Answer 3

Sulfur Iodine Clorine Xenon Bromine. These all violate the octate rule.(SF4, ClF3, I3-, SO3, ) Do the lewis rule (the one with the dots) Florine usually is in the mix but is not one.

Answer 4

Xenon, Iodine

Answer 5

Hmmmm

Answer 6

Flourine
this helps you with the wonderfull rules of Octet
http://homepages.stuy.edu/~bucherd/ch15/exceptions.html