Which of the following had more of an impact on the history of Europe. the Communist Manifesto or Nationalism?

Question

I'm unsure and i need some help.

Answer 1

Nationalism! I think you can argue that intellectually, communism has had an extraordinary role across the continent, but its politics have usually been overshadowed by nationalist parties in the west. Furthermore, nationalism played a large role in many of the rebellions against communist role in the east, and therefore ultimately led to the significant weakening of communism in recent history.

Answer 2

Nationalism. It began earlier, still survives, and has given rise to far more wars.